Na Fineachan Gaidhealach: The Day Before Mons Graupius

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Battle of the Worlds

Na Fineachan Gaidhealach (1):
The Day Before Mons Graupius

If a flock of birds graze
upon Mag Murthemne ,
you shall have a duck
with half of another;
if fish come into the estuaries,
you shall have a salmon
with half of another;
you shall have the three sprigs,
the spray of watercress,
the spray of marshwort,
and the spray of seaweed,
and a drink of cold
sandy water after it.
You shall have some-one
in the ford in your place,
if it should happen to be your
watch, until you have slept.
-- Cu-Chulainn --
209 Current Era (C.E.).

The Battle Stone at Aberlemno commemorates the victory of Na
(The) Fineachan (Boors, Families, Farmers, Fenians, Fingalians,
Fianna Eireann, Fionntaidh, Soldiers, Surnames, Nations, Tribes,
Clanns, Giants, Plowmen, Kindred, and\or Warriors) Gaidhealach
(Gaelic) - The Clanns of Gaeldom - against the Sasunnaich (ancestors
of today's English) at Dun (2) (Hill) Neachdainn ( Tribes and\or
Families) = Tribes' Hill (3), and its variations, Dunachton (3) and
Dunaughton (3) - in 685 C.E. Neachdainn and its variations,
Nathad (4), Nachdan (5), Nachtan (6), Naughton (7), Naiton (4),
Nethan (4), Nethad (4), Netthan (4), Netthad (4), Nectane (4),
Nechtan (8 and 9), Nechton (4), Nectan (10), MacNachdan (5 and 11),
MacNachton (11), MacNaghten (9 and 11), MacNauchton (11),
MacNaughtan (6, 9, and 11), MacNaughtane (5), MacNaughton
(6, 9, 12, and 13), MacNaughten (6 and 9), MacNeachdain (14),
MacNeachdainn (6, 8, and 12 ), and Gart-Nait (15), were popular
personal names in Scotland (Alba and\or Albainn, a pre-Lady
Thatcher nation on the island of Britain (Breatunn, Breatuinn,
Pretan, Prydein, Cruithin, Cruithinn, Quruithinn, and Quruithin)
long before the English demonstrated their unique scheme for
bridge-work. It's also found in Ireland Erin (21), Erinn (22), Eriu (20),
Eueriio, Eire, Eireann (23), Eirin (16), Eirinn, and the poetic names;
see below).

The aims of Na Fineachan Gaidhealach (The Kindred Gaelic) are to cultivate and help rescue from oblivion , all books and\or copies of all books of Scottish (Albannach) Gaelic (A' Ghaidhlig), Irish (A' Ghaedhilge and\or A' Ghaeilge), and\or Proto-Celtic and\or Common Celtic ( Pictish ), including but not limited to, books of the language of the:

1. Northern Picts = Caledones and\or Caledonii [Caile: Shield, Strength, Sense, Spear, and\or Assembly and\or Coille: Forest, Grove, and\or Wood; -dhuine and\or -daoine: people] - a confederation of Brigantes [Hallstadt Celts, Braigheach (Highlanders), Brothaigh, Brideach (Dwarf - the Cruithin), Bridget (the Hallstadt Goddess of Clann Brodie and Clann Curtin), Bride, and\or Brighid]; Northern Welsh [Breathnach, Cruithin, Cuimbreach, Prethnich, and\or Prydnich]; Iceni [I: Island, -ceni = cinne and\or cineadh: nation and\or country or cinneadh and\or cinnidh: tribe and\or clann = Island-tribe]; and Trinobantes [Treun: Strong; -van: women; -taidh: multitude] = Multitude of Strong Women; Fidach [Fiadhach and\or Fiadhaidh: Fierce, Savage, Untamed, and\or Wild] = Fiadh-dhuine: Savage and Daoine Fiadhaich: Savages = Clann Brodie "But the Britons thinking themselves baffled, not so much by our valour as by our general's skilful use of an opportunity, abated nothing of their arrogant demeanour, arming their youth [the Boy Troop in the TAIN BO CHUAILGNE], removing their wives [they weren't Irish, after all] and children to a place of safety, and assembling together to ratify with sacred rites, a confederacy [Coille-Daoine = Caledonii] of all their states. Thus, with angry feelings on both sides, the combatants parted....For the Britons, indeed, in no way cowed [a poor choice of words for anyone familiar with Celtic society] by the result of the late engagement, had made up their minds to be either avenged or enslaved, and convinced at length that a common danger must be averted by union, had, by embassies and treaties, summoned forth the whole strength of all their states"...(Murray, January 2006, Agricola - Mons Graupius - Calgacus, paragraphs 7 and 8)

Because the Roman Army was in Caledonia, Breathnaich (Cuimbrich) refugees, including Royalty, who refused to submit to the Roman Empire, had to have been there, too and Tacitus refers to the Caledonii [Coille Daoine and\or Daoine Fiadhaich] as Breathnaich refugees. Ban-righ (Queen) Boadicia [Boidhe and\or Buidhe (Beautiful, Beauty, Lilly, Linnet, Fair, Handsome, Handsomeness, Daisy, Creaping crowfoot, Comely, Cow of a yellowish colour, Goldfinch, Golden, Any small bird of a yellowish colour, Any yellow flower, Elegance, Pretty, Yellow, and\or Yellow seaweed; her name is an example of a Gaidhealach word having a double meaning = Buaidh: Success, Conquest, Conquer, Overcome, and\or Victory] and her two daughters, of the Iceni, may have escaped to Alba. The Coille Daoine were a confederation predominately of Breathnaich from the areas to the South. The description of the Caledonii (Coille Daoine) and the other tribes: 1. [Roman] writers - of Tacitus (AGRICOLA, chap. xi), who tells us that the `Caledonians' of the North differed from the Southern [Breathnaich] in being larger limbed and redder-haired, 2. and of Strabo (GEOGRAPHICA, Book iv, chap. v), who described the tribes in the interior of Breathunn as taller than the Gaulish (Gaidhealach) colonists on the coast, with hair less yellow and limbs more loosely knit. 3. ...Gaul was divided into three parts, one of which was inhabited by the Belgae, another by the Aquitani, and the third by those who called themselves Celtae, but were termed Galli [Gauls, Goidels, and\or Gaidheil] by the Romans; and that they all differed from one another in language, customs, and laws. Of these, Professor Rhys identifies the Belgae with the [Breathnaich] British, and the Celtae with the Goidels, the third people, the Aquitani, being non-Celtic and non-Aryan [non-Indo-European in today's terminology], part of the great Hamitic-speaking [Afro of today's Afro-Asiatic] Iberian stock. (`Scottish Review,' [An Giblean], 1890) 4. Equally do the classic authorities agree in recognizing the `Silures' of South [Cuimridh] as an entirely different race from any other in Britain. The dark complexions and curly hair of these Iberians [Hamito-Semites and\or Afro-Asians] seemed to Tacitus to prove them immigrants from Spain. (Squire, 2001, pp. 22 and 23) and the description of Ban-righ Boadicia, who was in Roman occupied Britain, are almost the same. 5. "Dio Cassius described the Celtic queen: "She was huge of frame, terrifying of aspect, and with a harsh voice. A great mass of bright red hair fell to her knees." (Archibald, March\April 1996, pp. 20) The significant differences between the societies of the Southern Picts and the Northern Picts is summed up by the two Celtic names for the Caledonii: Coille Daoine (Brythonic - P\F Celtic) and Daoine Fiadhaich (Gaelic - Q\V Celtic). The exact same dichotomy in Maya civilization is the best example showing the situation in Alba: "As for the meanning of "Forest People," that depends on who is using these words. When members of the Quiche...used them to refer to themselves, they were calling up the memory of their rise to greatness from humble origins in a great forest. But when [Rab'inal Achi] uses the same words while speaking angrily to the man who is his opponent and will soon be his prisoner, and when Lord Five Thunder later uses them while describing the prisoner's behavior as that of an animal, they shift the meaning. In everyday speech (as opposed to courtly poetry), "forest people" meant people who were foolish, rustic, and gross." (Tedlock, 2003, p. 176) "When K'eche is used instead of K'iche' [Quiche] in [16th] -century documents written in Quichean languages, it is nearly always followed by Winaq, specifying that the reference is to people; in contrast, most terms for nations (such as K'iche' and Rab'inal) do not require such modification. That is probably because K'eche is shortened from "k'echela'j," an ordinary term for "forest," and K'eche Winaq is to be understood as "Forest People." In a context such as that of the Popol Vuh, written by Quiche authors, K'eche Winaq calls up a proud heritage of emergence into glory from the depths of a great forest (see D. Tedlock 1996: pp. 150-162, 181). But in the context of the [Rab'inal] play, where these same words name a prisoner of war, they may have called up the same meaning as "k'echela'j winaq," which is "rustic, gross, foolish person" "(FV, TC)." (Tedlock, 2004, p. 275) "For his part, Rab'inal Achi [Q'alel Achi (Man of Glory; equivalent to Feargus = Man-of-Strenth and\or Man-of-no-fear)] calls his captive "Kaweq K'eche Winaq," "Cawek of the Forest People," which reveals that the social relationship between the two of them is an asymmetrical one. Kaweq is the name of the first-ranking royal house [equivalent to Clann Brodie] of the K'iche' [the Quiche-nation], indicating that the captive is noble by birth [This is equivalent to Bride]...For much of their history, the lords of the [Rab'inal] were members of a confederation that was headed by the lords of the K'eche Winaq or "Forest People," more commonly known as the K'iche' (Quiche [Qiche] = nation; equivalent to Neachdainn)." (Tedlock, 2003, p. 176) Another eerie parallel is that of the Maya name or title: Lord Five Thunder and the Pictish kings: Thunder "Tharain, it has been suggested, may be a corrupted form of the Gaelic word `dara,'as in `an dara aon' - the second one; but it is more likely to be cognate to a Gaulish (P-Celtic and\or F-Celtic) word meaning thunder." (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, Biographies of the Kings Page 2, 2), Tharain) "W.A. Cummins, in his influential work, "The Age of the Picts," (1995) suggests that the name Drust or Drostan may be cognate with the Welsh name Tristan, from trysau, meaning thunder." (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, Biographies of the Kings Pages 2 - 7, 24) Drust son of Irb, numbers 27) - 37), number 47), numbers 52)- 57) Carnach son of Ferach, Oengus son of UUrguist [Fergus], Nechtan [Neachdainn] son of Derili, Oengus son of Brude, Alpin son of Engus, and Drust son of Talorgen, numbers 64) and 65) Elpin son of Wroid and Drust son of Talorgen, number 66) Talorgen son of Drustan, and numbers 71) and 72) Drust son of Constantin and Talorgen son of Wthoil, and number 78) Drust son of Ferach, died circa 842 C.E.) Tharain Drust Mac Irb [Nechtan Drust Mac Erp, 451 C.E. = Clann MacNaughtan] Drust Gocinecht Drust Mac Gurum [Clann Graham (Greumach)] Drust Mac Wd-rost [Fid-rost (Coille-rost)] Drust Mac Gurum [Clann Graham (Greumach)] Drust Mac Moneth Drust Mac Donnel [MacDhomnuill; Clann MacDonell ((Dhomnullach), and\or Clann MacDonald (Dhomnullach)] Taran Mac Enti-fidich (-coille) Drust Mac Talorgen Drust Mac Talorgen Drust Mac Constantin Drust Mac Ferach (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, The List of the Kings of the Picts) Note: A clann name, for example, Donnel, can be used in English in the following forms: MacDonalds, the MacDonalds, Clann Dhomnuill, Dhomnullach, and\or the Dhomnullach: MacDonalds visited Wales this summer. Clann Dhomnuill visited Wales this summer. The Dhomnullach visited Wales this summer. "Apart from the 79 Kings listed, the Pictish Chronicles also give a list of 28 kings (though they describe it as 30) called Brude, who supposedly reigned for a total period of 150 years: (there's that 150 again) their reigns followed Cruithne and his seven sons (the seven provinces of Pictland, including Fortrenn) and preceded King Gede (No. 1)." "If we take into account the realistic probability that the southern Picts spoke a form of P-Celtic similar to Old Welsh (while not forgetting the other learned arguments that have been put forward to the contrary), then it may be that these "Brudes" are simply a "P" form (hardened to a B) of the Irish and Gaelic word `Cruth' or `Cruithne,' meaning `of the Picts.' Henderson makes two mistakes. First, that the Cruithin in the North - Northwest Highlands (A' Ghaidhealtachd) were not part of Southern Pictland. Second, that therefore, they were the Northern Picts. But an account of a Christian mission to the Northern Picts and almost all of the research, places the Northern Picts in their deer-park up around Inverness-shire [Inbhir: Confluence of rivers, Cove or Creek at the mouth of a river, Mouth of a river, Anguluar piece of ground at the confluence of two rivers; -neas: Head-land; Isthmus, Promontory; -shire = a pre-Lady Thatcher administrative unit] in the Central Highlands. That's the land of the Coille-daoine (Caledonii). The language of the inhabitants of A' Ghaidhealtachd as evidenced by Clann MacKay and the tribal names on Ptolemy's map in that region, in Galloway (A' Ghall Ghaidhealtachd) and in the Lowlands (A' Ghalldachd) was Irish. The clothing of the Picts on the Battle Stone at Aberlemno is Irish. The name for Caledonia after Northern Pictland was united with the Southern Picts in 560 C.E. by Righ Brude Mac Maelchom [Mailcon and\or Maelgwn: White-stone], the famous Righ of Gwynedd in North Cuimridh, was Fhiadach (Fidach), which is Irish for Coille (Forest, Grove, and\or Wood). A Caledonian in Irish was called Fiadh-dhuine (Savage). The Northern Picts (Caledonians) up around Inbhir-neas spoke P-Celtic and Clann Brodie is named after Brude (Quruthi-n = Prydai-n = Britai-n = Cruithi-n). "The Irish text in the 14th century `Book of Ballymote' says, Bruide adberthea fri gach fir dib, randa na fear aile; ro gabsadar L. ar C. ut est illeabraibh na Cruithneach." "This translates as; "And Brude was the name of each man of them, and of the divisions of the other men. They possessed an hundred and fifty years, as it is in the many books of the Cruithneach." "The implication is that everyone in Pictland was a `Brude' and indeed this, or something similar, may have been what the Picts originally called themselves. As for those other kings called Brude in the main King List, like Brude the son of Bile (48), and Brude the son of UUrguist [Fergus] (59), they may simply have been named Brude [Brigante] in the same way that many [male] Scots of today are called `Scott.' Brude List King List ---------- --------- Brude Pant Brude Ur Pant Brude Leo Brude Ur Leo Morleo (3) Brude Gant Brude Ur Gant Cantulmet (19) Brude Gnith Brude Ur Gnith Kineth (76) Brude Fecir Brude Ur Fecir Brude Cal Brude Ur Cal Galanan (28) Brude Chit Brude Ur Chit Ciniod (63) Brude Fec Brude Ur Fec Fiacha (18) Brude Ru Brude Ur Ru Ru (13) Brude Gart Brude Ur Gart Gartnait (14) Brude Cinid Brude Ur Cinid Cinaed (79) Brude Uip Brude Ur Uip Brude Grid Brude Ur Grid Crautreic (10) Brude Mund Brude Ur Mund Moneth (35) (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, Appendix Page 4, Appendix IV) Because the Brude kings ruled after Cruithne and his seven sons (the seven Pictish provinces) and before the Pictish kings, probably the P-Celtic (F-Celtic) speaking Britains dominated the Central Highlands, from just after the revolt of Ban-righ Boadicea until they were united with the Southern Picts in 560 C.E. by Righ Brude Mac Maelchom [Mailcon and\or Maelgwn: White-stone], the famous Righ of Gwynedd in North Cuimridh. If seven different names in the Brude List were paired with another of the remaining names, then there would be seven pairs of Brudes, rather than 14 separate names. The seven pairs may correspond to the seven provinces. For example: ------------------------------------ |Brude Mund (Brude Ur Mund); Moneth| | | | + | | | | Brude Fecir (Brude Ur Fecir) | ------------------------------------ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / ----------------------------------- | The Pictish Province of Circinn | ----------------------------------- Moneth may be Monteith. In 140 C.E. when Ptolemy recorded the names of the tribes, including the Caledonii confederation, in Alba, the Brythonic (P\F-Celtic) Coille Daoine may already have set up the seven (Brude) provinces. The Upper Danube regions in Bavaria, Bohemia, and Austria were where the Indo-European Hallstatt Celts (MacGregor, paragraph 7, Celtic Civilization & Language) originated. The Hallstatt Celts developed from Bronze-Age pre-Indo-European Homo-sapiens-sapiens (the Homo-sapiens-neanderthals were long gone) and Indo-Europeans. "The Danube begins as two small springs - the Breg and the Brigach - that emerge from the eastern slopes of the Black Forest Mountains" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 880). This area is the original home of the Brigantes (Clann Brodie and their Goddess: Bridi and\or Bridget). If there's any justice for the Welsh, the British government will return the Central Highlands. ==========================================================

2. Southern Picts = Venicones [Bheanachan, Vineachan, Fineachan, and Phoenician: Families, Soldiers, Surnames, Nations, Heathans, Tribes, Clanns, Gentiles, and\or Kindred]. The F and V sounds were interchangeable in the Celtic languages. [Cohane, 1970, p. 78] The use of F in place of V and vice versa, may indicate differences in dialect between Alba and Ulster [ Ulaidh] or between Q-Celtic and P-Celtic. According to the THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th edition, 2003 ("European Religions, Ancient," vol. 18, p. 766, Macropaedia), "[Julius] Caesar makes no mention of a Gaulish [god named] Vulcan though insular [the British Isles] sources reveal that there was one and that he enjoyed high status. His name in [A' Gaeilge] Irish, Goibhniu, and Welsh [A' Cuimrig], Gofannon, derived from the Celtic word for smith ["gobhainn" in A' Gaidhlig]." There're many instances in Celtic languages where an internal vowel sound in a word is eliminated and a vowel is added to the end. For example, Cruithin and Cruithne. The "bh" and "mh" consonant combinations in A' Gaedhilge and A' Gaidhlig are pronounced as a "v" or "w" sound or are silent. The "v" sound in Celtic, softens into an "f" sound in many cases. Whatever the case may be, this interchangability of f and v is evident in many sources, such as the Oghum alphabet and early British history [for example, in the Gaidhlig form of the Clann names: MacDuff (MacDhuibh = Son of Duff), MacFie (Mac Dubh-shithe = Son of Fie), and\or MacPhie (Mac Dubh-shithe = Son of Phie); the "bh" in these examples, represents an original v sound], as well as in Roman records. It should be kept in mind that in Celtic grammar, the "b" and "m" sounds in some words are aspirated and pronounced as a "v" sound and spelled "bh" and "mh" depending upon whether the case is feminine or masculine, genitive, dative, etc., and\or singular or plural, to cite a few variations. The word Bean (Woman) is sometimes aspirated and pronounced Ven. It is the root of the tribal names: Phoenician, Vennicnii, Venicones, the Irish heroes known as: Feinn, Feinne, Fingalian, Fiann (Giant and\or Warrior), Fianntan (Champions), Fianna, Fianna-Eireann, Fianntaidh (Hero and\or Giant), Fionn, and Fionnaidh, and a dwarf of theirs: Fianntachan - Finley's son [mac], Dylan the Leprechuan [leth-Bhreacan; leth-: by-, somewhat-, semi-; duplicate, and\or one of two; breac: chequered, which is made with "two" different sets of lines; leth-bhreac: fellow, duplicate, copy, one of a pair, and\or partner; -an: plural] is a different dwarf. Bean is also the root of one of the three names of the Irish: Finn (Squire, 2001, p. 120) as well as the words fin (families, soldiers, surnames, nations, heathans, tribes, clanns, gentiles, and\or kindred), fine and fineachan. Bean = Female, She-goat, Nimble, Quick, Active, Woman, Wife --------------------------------- Definite -------- Singular Plural -------- ------ Dative (do)'n mhnaoi (do)na mnathaibh Nominative a' bhean na mnathan Genetive na mna nam ban Vocative ris a' mhnaoi ris na mnathaibh Indefinite ---------- Dative mnaoi mnathaibh Nominative bean mnathan and\or mnai Genetive mna bhan Vocative a bhean! a mhnathan! (Dwelly, 1994, p. 82) note: "bh is pronounced as "v," "mh" is pronounced as "v," "mhn" as "vr," and "mn" as "mr." Alternative translations of Venicones are: Veni = Fine and -ceannas: chieftainship or -conas: battle, fight, dispute, quarrel, and\or war; Chieftainship of Tribes or Tribes of War. Given the use of the name Neachdainn by the Picts in the same area in the year 685 C.E., Tribes of War is probably the most literal. However, many words have more than one meaning. For example, uim: brass, country, copper, and earth. The Tribes of War (The Fianna Eireann) became the Chieftainship of the Pictish nation. Taezali [Taidh (-ean): Troop, Multitude, and\or Cavalcade and\or Taigh (-ean), Taighe, Tigh, and\or Tighe: House; -Ghaidheil and\or -Goidel (one of the three names of the Old Irish); House of Gaidheil and\or Multitude of Gaidheil (La-Tene Celts)] = Clann Graham [Graeme, Greme, Greumach, Griom: Battle and\or War, Gurum, and\or Girim]. The "z" in the Latin alphabet represents the "gh" sound [Bain, 1984, p. 238] and has a separate character in the Oghum alphabet; Ghaidheil = Goidel. The words Gael, Ghaidheal, Ghaidheil, Gaidheal, Gaidheil, and Goidel are pronounced about the same through the process known as synizesis. "Synizesis is when two [sometimes more] vowels [sounds] coalesce into a single long vowel [sound]. Very frequently the first vowel in the group will be epsilon, such as in the genitive ending -ew in, for example, [the Greek word] Phlhi?dew in the first line of the Iliad." (Annis, January 2006, Introduction to Greek Meter) The "i" suffix in Celtic indicated the genitive case possessive. (Celtic Language, THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, vol. 3, p. 17, Micropaedia) "The tribes of the Medes [who were Indo-Europeans] were called "BIT" so-and-so, meaning house of so-and-so, like the Semitic habit ("Beth," "Beit") ...The Society of Jerusalem was a feudal class system based on aristocracies called "houses" of princes and nobles, rulers and elders. The Persian governor [who was Indo-European] was the top official but then came the priestly houses"... "The Median prince Daiukku, called by Herodotus, Deioces, possibly founder of the kingdom of the Medes, was deported with his extended family to Syria. The tribes of the Medes were called "Bit" so-and-so, meaning the house of so-and-so, like the Semitic habit ("beth", "beit"), so the House of Deioces was lost just as the ten houses of Israel were supposedly lost." (Magee, August 2007, paragraphs 29 and 58, and August 2009, paragraph 47, (1. How Persia Created Judaism, Jewish Mythology. AskWhy! Publications and How) Persia Created Judaism: The Rise of Persia A house of course, is always related to a place; even a mobile-home has license plates from a certain place and the owner of the mobile-home has a drivers' license from a place. Clanns and tribes (confederations of Clanns) in Pretan (Britain) were always related to a place and if there's any justice for Northern Ireland (Ulaidh), the British government will return the Lowlands [Gallda: Foreigner and\or Stranger; -da (duthaich): land, native-land, district, territory, and\or country = land of Foreigners] - maybe a United Albannach (Scottish) Lowands and Northern Ireland (Ulaidh and\or Ulster) or at least allow an A' Ghaedhilge elective in grammar school. "According to MacBain (MacBheathain), the pecular custom of confusing this [de: of and\or off] word with do,"to," in speaking [A' Ghaidhlig], extends back to Old Irish in pre-accentual compounds, but the erroneous practice has no doubt largely been increased by the publishers of the Gaelic Scriptures, the instances of the use of do, instead of de making the meaning of the text in [A' Ghaidhlig] just the opposite of what the original conveys. It is strange how tenacious some Gaelic writers are of the pernicious custom of using do for both de and do, while it is quite plain that the meaning of one is just the opposite of the other. It is no excuse to say that it is often spoken so (in some places de is practically obsolete) for it is the duty of scholars and those who write or speak A' Ghaidhlig, to do so correctly, and so help to correct popular errors instead of perpetuating them. This is only one case among many, where any unprejudiced person can see the absolute necessity of Gaelic being taught in every school, at least in [A'Gaidhlig] speaking districts, to prevent its becoming a mixture of exceptions like English (A' Bheurla)." (Dwelly, 1984, p. 313) When Dwelly first wrote the above, Scottish children were beaten by their Scottish teachers whenever they spoke Gaelic in school. Since the Iron Lady is out of office, there might be a chance - a snowball's chance in Hell, that A' Ghaeilge could be taught in Galloway [Gall, -bagh: bay, harbour, creek. and\or estuary; a pre-Lady Thatcher administrative unit]. Sinn Fein and Gerry Adams would find this, time better spent, than aggitpropping the rights of their enslaved Spanish Basque cousins who are forced to work naked and unshod in total darkness, in deep underground tin mines, digging silvery nuggets out of the rock with their bare hands and then carrying both dirt and tin in leather bags up notched wooden posts to the surface of the ground where the High (Ard) Righ (King) of Spain (Iberia) sits on his throne (Lia Faileas, Lia Fail, and\or Scota), weighing each bit of ore and rewarding the hump-backed Iberian dwarves with juicey morsels of Tagieis (Haggis). Time better spent - than trying to enlighten Columbian jungle-bunnies by showing them the most current techniques of debate. Jerry, for gods' sake, Sinn means "Us" and\or "We." Sinn Fein is a prepositional pronoun and is the emphatic of Sinn - meaning the Irish. Emphatic doesn't mean "Looney" and Sinn Fein doesn't mean you and I and they and thou and Etruscans and Incas and everyone else, including the Man in the Moon. Where does it stop? Why not Galatia (Turkey) and Galicia (more of Spain) or are you refering to Poland?. Then what? Porpoises and hugging trees? Maybe next May Day the whole world can hold hands and sing Cum-bah-yah in Chinese? Enough! This is the P.S.N.I. The library is surrounded: "Put the dolphin down, Step away from the World Atlas, and come out of the map room with your hands where we can see them. Do it, Do it now." "Gerry Mac Con Glinne Jerry Mac Conle n' a mmrama ocus Echtrae Oak tree ocus Bean-sidh Dubh-sidh Is Fisa Ammrama An Bran fionna Ildathach Imchiuin Eirinn uaine." Clann Kennedy [Ceann-tighe, Ceannaideach, and\or Cinneadhaidh; Ceann: Head, Chief, and\or Commander; -tighe = Chieftain and\or Chief of a house; "Chieftain is a strictly territorial title, always related to `place' (Johnson and Bacon, 1981, p. 22); and\or -deach and\or -deagh: -good, -excellent, and\or -worthy = Royal Chief; -aidh and\or -i: the genitive case possessive in Gall-bagh [Galloway]. Clann Kennedy were the captains of Clann Muintircasduff [Muintir and\or Muinntir: Family, Farm-hands, Servants, Household, Tribe, Clann, Men, Relation, Inhabitants, and\or People; -cas: -leg and\or foot; -dubh and\or duff: -black = Family of black feet. They were the Atecotti [Aiteachadh, Aiteach, and\or Aitich: Settle, Habitation, Dwell, Dwelling, Till, Cultivate, Cultivating, Agriculture, and\or Inhabit; -ti, -tighe, -taigh, and\or -teach [house and\or dwelling place; and\or i: genitive case possessive = Cultivators] Cruithin-tuatha [Cruitean: Hump-back person; Cruiteachan: Hunchback and\or Dwarf; -tuatha: Laity, Farmers, Husbandmen, Tenants, Tenantry, Country People, Aggregate number of any kind of land proprietors, Peasantry; Cruithneachd: Wheat; -neach: someone, any person, one, person; -neachd: Family and\or Tribe; Tribe of Dwarves and\or Wheat-farmers (the Hallstadt Celts)] = Clann Curtin. Lugi [Llu, Lugh, Lugus: Brightness; Lug-fear, and\or Lucifer: -fear and\or fer: man of Brightness], the Afro-Asiatic and\or Hamito-Semitic God of Clann MacKay [Mhic and\or Mac: Son, the male of any animal, and\or the young of any animal; -Hugh, -Heth, -Aodh: Fire, -Aoidh: Stranger, Skilful person, Hero, Traveller, and\or Guest, -Aed (not found in Dwelly, may be a Southern Irish word), and\or -Eth (not found in Dwelly, may be a Southern Irish word)]. "According to Caesar the god most honoured by the Gauls was "Mercury,"...His Celtic name is not explicitly stated [by Caesar], but it is clearly implied in the place-names Lugudunon ("the fort or dwelling of the god Lugus"); Laons, Leyden, and Lyons (Squire, 2001, pp. 276 and 277)...The [A' Gaeilge] and [A' Cuimrig] cognates of Lugus are Lugh and Lleu, respectively, and the traditions concerning these figures mesh neatly with those of the Gaulish god." Because Lugh was the most honoured of all the gods, "possessed of many talents" (which apparently, did not include an understanding of the feminine mind of the "Women of Slaughter" - see below) "the devine exemplar of sacral kingship," and the god of sovereignty (European Religions, Ancient, THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th ed., 2003, vol. 18, p. 765, Macropaedia), naming the Irish religious confraternity class after him makes sense. The Lugi were one of the three powerful classes of Celtic society - the religeous = Clann MacKay. "The Druidh (-ean) [were] the priests and the Barda, Bardan, and\or Baird [were] the poets, who in Albainn, had lands bestowed on them, which became hereditary in their families." (Dwelly 1994, p. 69)]. The existence of the Lugdach in 800 C.E. in the area previously occupied by the Vennicnii in Donegal in Western Ulaidh, the existence of Clann MacKay in the area previously occupied by the Lugi, the "Gaelic [of Clann MacKay having] been closer to that of Southern [Eueriio] than to the Scottish version...the patronymic [of] Clann [MacKay] "Aodh" being an attribute of the god Lug, all indicate that the Western and North Highlands were settled by the Cruithin from Eueriio. When the Lugi switched to Christianity and were no longer allowed to use the name of the God Lug-fear (the so-called One-God clause in God's Law), they used an attribute of his: Aodh (fire) and\or Aoidh (Skilful person, etc.), hence the Clann name: MacKay. That Clann Mackay spoke the Gaelic of Southern Eueriio, until the English made them stop, is not unusual. "Max Muller has shown that the texts of the Vedas [which are Indo-European] have been handed down orally for a period of more than 2,000 years, with such exactitude that there can hardly be found a doubtful accent anywhere in them." (La ciencia de la religion, Ed. Albatros, 1945; Girard, 1979, p. 15) "Interestingly, the Gaelic languages of Scotland and Ireland are mutually understandable to some greater or lesser degree, with Donegal Irish Gaelic distinctly closer to Scottish Gaelic. A little study shows the huge overlap clearly." (McCooey, January\February 2008, p. 45) The Fianna-Eirinn from all over Ulaid gathered in Donegal during the 2nd Century C.E. before floating to Alba to have a go at the Romans. All religious confraternities every where at all times have been very conservative. Furthermore, Southern Eueriio has always been more civilized (not always a good thing, especially if you're on the receiving end) than Ulaidh and the pre-Christian patriarchal Celtic religion with Lugh developing into a Monotheistic diety would have spread from the South into the matriarchal Ulaidh and Alba during the 1st to 2nd Century C.E. So, the descendants of the old religious confraternity (Clann MacKay) would have tended to retain more of their old ways, including language, while other members of their society next to them would have been more inclined to adopt newer ways (not always a good thing, especially if you're on the receiving end), including language. Smertae [Smear, Smeur, Smiar, Smior, Smeur-dubh (-du, and\or duibh: black, blackness, blacken, blot out, dark, dark-haired, darken, darkness, disastrous, mournful, great, ink, pupil of the eye, and\or wicked), Smiur, Smiuir-ta: Blackberry, Brambleberry, Smear, Mulberry, and\or Anoint, Smir and\or Smior: Best part of anything, Strength, Spirit, Heroes, Courage, Marrow, Mettle, Power, Pith, Vigour, and\or Vivacity] -ta: indicates the past participle -taidh: multitude -te: female, woman, used of any object and\or thing of the female gender -tighe: house

Female-heroes. Alba was doomed when the Roman Catholic Church banned women and the Boy Troop from combat when Righ (King) Brude Mac Derili ratified the Law of Innocents of Saint Adamnan in about 700 C.E. (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, number 50, BIOGRAPHIES OF THE KINGS PAGE 5). Before being outlawed, the Smertae, along with Clann MacKay and Clann Gunnr became part of the confederation of tribes named Cat (Cath) in the Pictish province of the same name, which included most of the Western and North Highlands. When Saint Adamnan's Law of Innocents was ratified, Rome sided with the Irish and the Law cut the Picts' fighting force by more than half. Later, Rome turned its back on the Irish and sided with the Anglo-Normans until the Reformation. But by then, there was little difference between Ireland and Hell. Yet, it got worse. The Irish have to be admired for their tenacity in clinging to their adopted Mediterranian religion for all of these centuries. The Smertae were part of one of the three powerful classes of Celtic society - the warrior. Because Clann MacKay was another of the three powerful classes of Celtic Society, in the same area that was almost inaccessable to people who didn't walk, until the English brought us roads, and existing records show that Clann MacKay is from Southern Eriu, the Smertae are without a doubt, the Banba (Women-of-slaughter), also from Eriu and were the ultimate warriors. Not so? "As was common in barbarian [free and\or pre-Christian] society, women were as likely as men to be warriors. A medieval account of the period relates: "Now Ronait [Ronadh and\or Ronnadh: Staff and\or Club, the pot calling the kettle black "morality tale"], Saint Adomnan's mother, saw a woman with an iron reaping hook in her hand, dragging another woman out of the enemy host with a hook fastened in one of her breasts. For men and women were equally to battle at that time (about 700 C.E.)." During the Roman occupation of Southern Breathunn, the Fianna-Eireann (Na Fineachan Gaidhealach) and the Coille-Daoine (Clann Brodie) broke the practically solid wall of Roman legionaires in battle by running and\or tossing tabars on them while the Smiorte pulled down the "Roman Wall" by tossing reaping hooks on the end of chains over "the wall," hooking legionaires from behind, and then pulling them through the "wall" to be finished off with daggers [biodagan]. The Picts had come a long way since Ban-righ and\or Ban-righinn [Queen] Boadicea's revolt and the battle of Mons Graupius. "Perhaps women in Rome would have submitted to this [rape of Ban-righ Boadicea's two daughters by Roman legionaires and whipping of herself], but [Ban-righinn] Boadicea did not. Instead she mounted her war chariot and led both the Iceni and the nearby Trinovantes [Treun = Strong; -van = women; -taidh = multitude] against the iron legions." "Dio Cassius described the Celtic [Ban-righ]: "She was huge of frame, terrifying of aspect, and with a harsh voice. A great mass of bright red hair fell to her knees; she wore...a tunic ["leine" which the English outlawed when they conquered Ireland] of many colours ["tartan" which the English outlawed when they conquered Scotland], over which was a thick mantle ["brat" which the English outlawed when they conquered Ireland], fastened by a brooch ["braist" which the English stole when they conquered Scotland]...and a great twisted necklace ["torc:" monarch's necklace, which the English stole when they conquered Ireland] Now she grasped a long spear, to strike fear into all who watched her..." Our apologizes. Did the Anglo-Normans conquer Alba and Eire in order to extend the writ of Magna Carta to these lawless and God-forsaken lands? "Speaking of the continental Gauls, a Roman writer said: "A whole band of foreigners would not be able to withstand a single Gaul if he called his wife to his assistance, who is usually very strong, and with blue eyes; especially when, swelling her neck, gnashing her teeth, and brandishing her sallow arms of enormous size, she begins to strike blows mingled with kicks." "Oh sweet-heart if you're not too busy right now could you help me beat the crap out of the Etruscan rugby team?" "I'll be right there honey. The other Women-of-courage and I are just finishing tidying up after wiping out another invasion of Gallda by the Sasunnach." "Although removed from the forefront of battle, women maintained their equality in Scotland. In the 17th century C.E. women led the riots against the imposition of Episcopalianism in the Presbyterian southwest. In the 19th century, women armed with stone filled stockings battled against police and Royal Marines during the Clearances and Crofting disturbances." (Archibald, March\April 1996, pp. 20, 22, and 26) "Maybe more significant was the presence of a crowd of serving women (at the Kirk of Saint (St.) Giles square in the center of Edinburgh's High Street)." "Perhaps they had been hired to keep a place for the nobility; perhaps they had been paid for a more sinister purpose; or perhaps they were ordinary church-goers, angry with events. Whatever their motive, these women were to stir the conscience of a nation, help create a dynamic kirk and, incidently, cost a king a crown and his head [there seems to be a connection between severed heads (humourously called "acorns") and women]." "When the dean rose to read from the prayer book, it was the women who led the protests. "Traitors, belly gods and deceivers!" they yelled. When a gentleman mumbled a quiet amen to the dean's prayer, a woman turned on him. "Traitor!" she shrieked. Dost thou say mass in my Lug?" She whacked him in the face with her Bible. The dean was attacked and his white surplice ripped from him as the women threw their Bibles." "The disturbance rose to a riot. "Deile colic the wame o' ye!" shouted one woman. As the Bishop of Edinburgh spoke from the pulpit, another cried, "Pull him down! Stone him!" Eventually, soldiers thrust the rioters from the kirk, but they remained outside, hammering at the great doors and hurling stones at the windows until the bishop left, to be chased and stoned by the mob." "The St. Giles riot was not an isolated incident. Clergymen throughout Edinburgh were heckled and pursued by angry women, and that evening the bishop was again stoned. This was no spontaneous outburst but a well-organized expression of public feeling." "In a fleet of requisitioned colliers, [The Marquis of] Hamiliton's planned sail north was stalled by the discomfiture of [The Marquis of] Huntly. Instead, he tried the Forth, but this was worse. Those formidable women of Edinburgh had been at it again, building a defensive wall around the town and the port of Leith, which also had a boom." "When Hamilton entered the Firth [sic], the beacon fires were flaring from Fife Ness to the Queensferry. Not only that, but a lady Marchioness was riding at the head of her troops, fully armed with pistol and carbine and threatening to personally shoot Hamilton if he landed. That must have been particularly discouraging to Hamilton...because the lady was his own mother!" (Archibald, March/April, 2008, pp. 35, 36, and 38) --------------------------------------- The Celts - Cu-chulainn, Righ Conchobar Mac Ni-Asa, the Red Branch, and the Fianna, to name a few - recognized the value of Women Warriors. ------------------------ Decantae [Deagh: Good, Excellent, and\or Worthy ("Always precedes its noun, which it aspirates. It never predicates its noun, thus you never meet with "Tha thu deagh" (Thou art good), nor yet "is deagh thu" (Thou art good). Dwelly, 1994, p. 315); -Cheann; -tighe = Excellent Chief of a House = Royal Chieftain. Later they were the leaders of the Pictish province of Cat [Cath: Battle, Battalion, Fight, Struggle, Contest, Company of soldiers, and\or Army] = Clann Chattan [Cath; -an: plural; Clann of Soldiers, Champions, and\or Warriors and\or Clanns of Battle)] = Clann Gunnr and\or Gunn. Gunnr is Norwegian for War. When the Vikings overran the North Highlands, Clann Gunnr (Cath) was the royal house of the Pictish province of Cat and led the stay-behind team that fought the Vikings to a stand-still. No small achievement. Unfortunately, Clann Gunnr (Cath) didn't write the history books. The Anglo-Normans did. In fact, Clann Gunnr doesn't seem to have learned to read until 1964. That would explain the use of Clann Gunnr instead of Clann Cath and\or Deagh Cheann Tighe. Don't confuse Clann Gunnr (the tribe of Cat and\or Cath of the Pictish province of Cat) with those Scots who dream about a return of the long-boats to Loch Ness, manned by the descendants of the Fair Maid of Norway - Team Margaret and who hold Viking-days every Oktober Fest. They're about as dazed and confused as the English of today who dress up as Roman legionaires forgetting what their ancestors did to the forces of Rome in the Teutoburg Forest. Most of the modern Viking Clann Wannabee live in the Shetland Islands and don't present a threat to Celtic civilization. They're not the same as Clann Gunnr except for a shared Scandinavian heritage and Norwegian language. We hope Clann Gunnr reclaims its Celtic heritage, soon. The "Q" sound at the beginning of the names for the Quruithin in the Western Highlands by the second century C.E. had changed into a "C" sound (Caereni and Cerones). This change is a feature of the Q-Celtic (V-Celtic) of Eriu, not the P-Celtic (F-Celtic) of enslaved Southern Prydein. All things considered, the Lowlands, the North Highlands, the Western Highlands, and part of the Southern Uplands, were occupied by people from Eire at the time of Ptolemy - about 140 C.E. Only Caledonia (the Central Highlands) and possibly part of the North Highlands (Ross-shire, [Siorrachd and\or Siorramachd: Sheriffdom, County, and\or Office of Sheriff; Rois (Ros): arable land, isthmus, promontory, and\or peninsula - a pre-Lady Thatcher administrative unit) remained free of the Irish. On the other hand, the later Iron Age La Tene Celts (speakers of P-Celtic) in Gaul (the area of present-day France), Southern Britain (the area of present-day England), Caledonia, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and Wales, changed the Qu sound to a P sound. (MacGregor, La-Ciadainn 9 Iuchar 2008, paragraphs 8, 9, 10, 11, and 14, Celtic Civilization & Languages and paragraph 1,The "Dalriadic Scots," The Origins of the Irish Picts "Cruithne" [from the Gaelic word for creator = "Cruithear" [Cruith; -fhear: man]. The speakers of Q-Celtic in Eueriio sometimes changed the P sound at the beginning of some words, to a C sound. The Brigantes in Southeastern Eueriio probably spoke P-Celtic when they migrated from Britain to Ireland. This would explain some of the words in A' Ghaeilge that start with a P sound and aren't later loan-words. Caereni [Quruithini, Cruithini, and\or Cruithne]: Tribe of Wheat = Hallstatt Celts. Coranians [Quruithin, Caereni, Cerones and\or Partholon: Dwarves in A' Cuimrig (Welsh)] = Hallstatt Celts. (Squire, 2001, p. 377) Coriondi [Coranians: Dwarves; Squire, 2001, p. 377), Quruithini, Cruithini, Cruithne, and\or Partholoni] = Hallstatt Celts. Considering that the Coriondi were in Southern Ireland and were not Goidelic, the connection between Clann Mackay and the language of Southern Ireland, and the Partholan being in the North Highlands, which is where Clann Mackay is, Clann MacKay is a direct descendant of the Coriondi = Quruithin = Hallstadt Celts. (Squire, 2001, pp. 385 and 386) "He [Bel-inus: "Lightness" (Bel is another name of Lucifer = Lug-fear), the brother of Brenn-ius and\or Bran: "Darkness"] was succeeded by Gurgiunt Brabtruc [the Gargantua of Rabelais], who, as he was returning by way of the Orkneys [Arcaibh] from a raid on the Danes, met the ships of Partholon and his people [Clann Clann MacKay and probably Clann Gunnr] as they came from Spain to settle in Ireland." "Bel (Akkadian), Sumerian Enlil [En-Lil and\or An-Lil], Mesopotamian god of the atmosphere and a member of the triad of gods completed by Anu [En-u and\or An-u, a possible contraction of Enlil] and Ea (Enki [En-ki])." "Although An (Anu) was the highest god [Irish: Mother Goddess and Great Queen of all?] in the Sumerian pantheon, Enlil [Bel] had a more important role...Enlil [Bel] was also the god of agriculture...Another myth relates Enlil's (Bel's) rape of his consort Nin-lil (Akkadian: Belit [Irish: Bel and Anu, two of aspects of the triplicate form?]), a grain goddess...This myth reflects the agricultural cycle of fertilization, ripening" [Irish Goddess of fertility and bounty?] "The name of his [Enlil's] Akkadian counterpart, Bel, is derived from the Semitic word baal, or "lord." Bel had all the attributes of Enlil, and his status and cult were much the same." (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 2, p. 55) "Baal, god worshipped in many ancient Middle Eastern [Afro-Asiatic and\or Hamito-Semitic] communities, especially among the Canaanites, who apparently considered him a fertility diety and one of the most important gods in the pantheon. As such [a god of distinct character], Baal designated the universal god of fertility, and in that capacity his title was Prince, Lord of the Earth. He was also called Lord of Rain and Dew, the two forms of moisture that were indispensable for fertile soil [Irish: Goddess of Soil and irrigation?] in Canaan. In Ugaritic [Northern Syria] and Old Testament Hebrew, Baal's epithet as the storm god was He Who Rides on the Clouds. In Phoenician he was called Baal Shamen, Lord of the Heavens." "But Baal was not exclusively a fertility god. He was also king of the gods" [Irish Danu\Anu: Mother Goddess and Great Queen of all?]"... "Danaus, in Greek legend, son of Belus, king of Egypt, and twin brother of Aegyptus [Egypt]. Driven out of Egypt by his brother, he fled with his 50 daughters [the Danaids] to Argos [Greece], where he became king" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 871). The earliest history of the Scotti. "The worship of Baal was popular in Egypt from the later New Kingdom in about 1,400 B.C.E. to its end (1,075 B.C.E.). Through the influence of the Aramaeans, who borrowed the Babylonian pronunciation Bel, the god utimately became known as the Greek Belos [the Scotti being influenced by both the Greeks and the Egyptians], identified with Zeus." "Dan [was], one of the 12 tribes of Israel (an Afro-Asiatic [Hamito-Semitic] nation). The tribe was named after the first of two sons born to Jacob (also called Israel) and Bil-hah, the maidservant of Jacob's second wife, Rachel" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 870). "In the formative stages of Israel's history, the presence of Baal names did not necessarily mean apostasy or even syncretism. The Judge Gideon was also named Jerubaal (Judges 6:32) and King Saul had a son named Ishbaal (I Chronicles 8:33). For these early Hebrews, "Baal" designated the Lord of Israel, just as "Baal" farther north designated the Lord of Lebanon or of Ugarit. What made the very name Baal anathema to the Israelites was the programme of Jeze-bel, in the 9th century B.C.E. [the time of the Hallstatt Culture of the Danube River], to introduce into Israel her Phoenician cult of Baal in opposition to the official worship of Yahweh (I Kings 18)" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 2, p. 762) The name Bil-hah contains a form of Bel (Baal) as does the name Jeze-bel and both are related to the Greek words "Belus" and\or "Belos" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, Micropaedia, 2003, vol. 2, pp. 55 and 762). Cerones [Quruithini, Cruithin, and\or Cruithne] Tribe of Wheat = Hallstatt Celts. Note: The third name of the Old Irish is Scot. Scotland is named after the Dal Riata who were from Eire.

"the word `Scota' (the [Egyptian] Pharaoh's daughter), which we find is not a person's name at all, but is indeed a Greek word, meaning `shadow,' `secrecy,' `darkness' and `obscurity.' The great stone (Lia Faileas and\or Lia Fail), we recall, was described as being round and hollowed, so it should come as no surprise to us to learn that the word `Scota' is an archaic architectural term which was used to describe a sunken moulding, or a hollow, so called from the dark shadow it casts. In other words, our Lia Faileas." "Scota, the daughter of an Egyptian Pharaoh; both cautiously identified by Egyptologist Lorraine Evans in her book "Kingdom of the Ark" as Princess Meritaten and her father, Pharaoh Akhenaten." "Scota is supposed to have fled Egypt with her Greek husband Gathelos (Gaidheal-os), or Gaidelon (Goidel-on and\or Gaidheal-on), and his followers sometime around 1,335 B.C.E. following a rebellion in which Akhenaten was overthrown by Horemheb, the army commander." "Some intriguing evidence of an Egyptian contact and influence during this period does appear to have been found in Tara, Ireland...Bronze Age inhumation...with a bronze age dagger and pin, and wearing a necklace of Egyptian `Faience' beads. These beads, a type of ceramic, were found to be of genuine Egyptian origin and were quite unknown in Northern Europe. The skeleton was carbon dated to c. 1,350 B.C." "The Ancient Egyptians believed that a human being consisted of five separate parts or elements (dail = portions)...The shadow of the body was considered an important and integral part of an individual and its name, according to Egyptologists, was the `shut'...In the Celtic languages we have Welsh (A' Cuimrig) `ysgod,' Goidelic (Irish) `sgath' and Cornish (Cornghall [Corn: Curl and\or plait; -ghall (gall): foreigner and\or stranger = Curly (-haired) strangers (curly hair is oft-times plaited) "Equally do the classic authorities agree in recognizing the `Silures' of South [Cuimridh] as an entirely different race from any other in Britain. The dark complexions and curly hair of these Iberians [Hamito-Semites and\or Afro-Asians] seemed to Tacitus to prove them immigrants from Spain. (Squire, 2001, pp. 22) `scod'...and we are already aware of the Greek word `scota.' Could our word `Scota' have developed, perhaps via Greek, from a metamorphosed form of the Egyptian word `Shut,' the `spiritual shadow' of a person? It's not impossible. We cannot be sure at this distance in time just how the ancient Egyptians pronounced many of their words. They may have pronounced the SH in the word `shut' with a quite discernible gutteral sound. A bit like Schut (CH as in loch) or Schot. Indeed, the [Sassunnaich] English word `shade' was itself originally written `sceadu.' "The Gaelic words, Lia Faileas and\or Lia Fail and the Greek word Scota or Scotia mean the same thing in the end... (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, paragraphs 8, 10, 12, 18, 19, and 21, Appendix II Page 2 The Stone of Destiny)" "There are two principal races of the Britons, the Caledonians and the Maeatae [Meadhan: Middle and -tighe: house; a middle district is an Irish development], and the names of the others have been merged in these two. The Maeatae live next to the cross-wall [the Antonine Wall] which cuts the island in half, and the Caledonians are beyond them [in the Highlands]. Both tribes inhabit wild and waterless mountains and desolate and swampy plains, and possess neither walls, cities, nor tilled fields, but live on their flocks, wild game, and certain fruits; for they do not touch the fish which are there found in immense and inexhaustible quantities. They dwell in tents, naked and unshod, possess their women in common [matrilineal descent], and in common rear all the offspring [fosterage and the Boy Troop]. Their form of rule is democratic [gathering of the clanns] for the most part, and they are very fond of plundering [goid, goidel, Gaidheal]; consequently they choose their boldest men as rulers ["Treun-," "Calgach-," "-cus," "-mor," "-ghais," -gus," and "Aon-"]. They go into battle in chariots [the TAIN BO CHUAILGNE was not plagerized from Greek literature by lonely monks with too much time on their hands], and have small, swift horses; there are also foot-soldiers, very swift in running and very firm in standing their ground. For arms they have a shield and a short spear, with a bronze apple attached to the end of the spear-shaft, so that when it is shaken it may clash and terrify the enemy; and they also have [biodagan] daggers. They can endure hunger and cold and any kind of hardship; for they plunge into the swamps and exist there for many days with only their heads above water, and in the forests they support themselves upon bark and roots, and for all emergencies they prepare a certain kind of food, the eating of a small portion of which, the size of a bean [the fungus, Spindler, 1994, pp. 113-116, 168 and 169], prevents them from feeling either hunger or thirst" (Murray, January 2006, Septimius Severus: The Caledonian Campaign - Caracalla, section Dio Cassius explains that:) "When the inhabitants of the island again revolted [209-211 C.E.], he summoned the soldiers and ordered them to invade the rebels' country, killing everybody they met [Brighid's Acorn Crop]; and he quoted these words: "Let no one escape sheer destruction, No one our hands, not even the babe in the womb of the mother, If it be male; let it nevertheless not escape sheer destruction" [Septimius Severus appears to have been a devout Christian and\or Jew who knew his Bible and\or Mikra (Tanakh)]. When this had been done, and the Caledonians had joined the revolt of the Maeatae, he began preparing to make war upon them in person. (Murray, January 2006, Septimius Severus: The Caledonian Campaign - Caracalla, section Dio Cassius explains that:) The phrase "inhabitants of the island" is different than the name "Britons" which refers to those in Scotland (a pre-Lady Thatcher nation on the island of Britain), beyond the pale of Rome. So, the phrase "rebel's country" may refer to other tribes' land in the Southern Uplands, Strathclyde [Srath: Low-lying or flat part of a valley district or farm; The low, inhabited part of a country, in contra-distinction to its hilly ground; Dell, Marshy ground; Meadow; Any low-lying country along a river; Plain beside a river; and\or Valley through which a river runs; Chluaidh (Cluain): Burying ground; Lawn; Meadow, Green field; Ambush; Pasture, Pacification], and even Northumberland. Although, the phrase "and the Caledonians had joined the revolt of the Maeatae," would allow for the Maeatae to have already been annihilated by that time and "the island" may refer to Scotland North of "the cross-wall," for the emporer of Rome itself to come to Britain to handle a revolt, the "inhabitants of the island" who "revolted" were Roman subjects. The "rebel's country" was probably Srath Chluaidh" and the land between the Hadrian Wall to the South and the Antonine Wall to the North. The reason why there was a Pax Romana for the next 100 years was because the warriors of the Maeatae (Na Fineachan (Venicones) Gaidhealach (Taezali) = Fianna-Eireann] and later, Miathi] were still balanced by the Roman forces on their frontier. The "rebel's country" who's inhabitants were exterminated, had been on the Roman side of the frontier. During the 100 years of peace along the frontier, the Cruithin in the North Highlands [Lugi: Clann MacKay and Decantae (Deagh-chean-tighe): Clann Gunnr] and Northwest Highlands [Caereni and Cerones] united with the Miathi and formed the Pictish nation known as Cruithin-tuatha in Irish and Southern Pictland in English. Clann Brodie (the Northern Picts in their deer-park up around Inbhir-neas) were united with the Southern Picts in 560 C.E. by Righ Brude Mac Maelchom. The capital of the Southern Picts and later all Picts, was at Scone (Sgain). Because Clann Gunnr has always been in the North Highlands in the area of the Decantae and the capital of the Southern Picts and all of Pictland was in Sgain far to the South, Clann Gunnr is probably not the Royal family of the Picts. The Picts were probably called Picts by the Romans because of their use of the oghum alphabet. The Cruithin-tuatha in the North Highlands and Northwest Highlands formed the Pictish province of Cat and continued fighting much later as Clann Chattan and are still fighting today as Clann Gunnr - the last of the Picts - even though Clann Gunnr is a broken clann. Clann MacKay, Clann Graham, and Clann Kennedy are also desecendants of the Picts. Going by the record, Clann MacDonald and Clann Graham have the strongest claims to the Pictish monarchy. Then Clann Kennedy. Clann Gunnr would be less frustrated by purchasing a wee bit of its former land in the North Highlands, re-establishing its Proto-Celtic (Hallstadt) wheat-farming heritage, and then reclaiming its title of Deagh Cheann-tighe of the Pre-Pictish Quruithin and later Pictish province of Cath. Of course, when it comes to Clann Chatten, Clann Gunnr would have to accept being part of a rotating Chiefship in this more modern and democratic confederation. Yet, Clann Gunnr still has a lot to be furious and\or wrathful about. The B.B.C. has redrawn the old Roman map to now show that the Caledonii (Clann Brodie) were in the North Highlands and the Western Highlands, thereby, literally covering up Clann Gunnr (the Decantae). The B.B.C. has also changed the "z" in Taezali, from the map to an "x," thereby hiding the Irish presence in the Lowlands. Clann Gunnr has enough to rage about to keep themselves occupied for the next 100 years. We won't be surprised when the B.B.C. also denies the Phoenician (Fineachan) element in Eire by "proving" that Na Fineachan Gaidhealach could have been ancient astronauts (extraterrestrial Nordics) looking for Billy "the Kid" Meier.

The aims of Na Fineachan Gaidhealach also include cultivating and helping to rescue from oblivion the Gaidhealach languages themselves and their antecendants - including but not limited to:
Basque (Celt-Iberian) Scytho-Sarmatian (Old Ossetic and\or Scottish [Scyth = Scot]) (Gardiner, 2007, pp. 84 and 86 and Spindler, 1994, pp. 46, 168-170, 172, 173, and 271) Common Celtic (Proto-Celtic) 2,000 B.C.E. - to Dwelly Q-Celtic - P-Celtic and\or F-Celtic - V (BH and\or MH)-Celtic Hamito-Semitic (Afro-Asiatic) Cuimrig (Brythonic and\or Welsh) Goidelic unknown - unknown Oghum 300 C.E.- 500 C.E. Saint Patrick's lost century forgotten March 15 of every year or is it April 17? We can't remember. Old Gaelic (Old Irish) Old Irish 600 C.E.-900 C.E. Middle Gaelic (Middle Irish) Middle Irish 900 C.E.-1,200 C.E. Classical Modern Irish 1,200 C.E. -1,600 C.E. Modern Gaelic (Gaidhlig) New Irish, Gaedhilge, Gaeilge, 1,600 C.E. - to the Modern Irish, Erse and\or Irish present 1,600 C.E. - to the present (Languages of the World. THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, vol. ?, pp. 573, 582, 594, 667, 722, and 783, Macropaedia)

and the legends, literature - including but not limited to
Oghum | Medieval Irish | Literature Period Early Irish | Literature Period | - Late Middle | Irish - Archaic Irish | | - Classical - Old Irish | Modern Irish | - Early Middle Irish | Late Irish Literature | Period (dialects) Irish (Gaedhilge and\or Gaeilge) Revival Literature Period Albannach Gaelic (Gaidhlig) (Celtic Literature. THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, vol. 3, p. 17, Micropaedia and vol. 15, p. 594, Macropaedia)

scripts, drawings, designs, traditions, tattoes (Spindler, 1994, p. 167), clothing, culture, customs, manuscripts , maps, music, alphabets, art, oghams, inscriptions, images, prose, paintings, pictures, and poetry of the Gaidhealach people including, but not limited to the

Vacomagi = (Fa and\or Fabh [Thick]-choill [wood]: Full of woods; -mag and\or -magh [level country, field, field of battle, field that can be ploughed, arable land, arable field, very broad ridge of land]) -i [of] = [tribe] [of] field of Thick-woods Votadini = (Vota = Fodha [Under] or Fod [Science] and\or Fodh and [Knowledge]; -ta = taidh [-multitude] and\or tighe Gododdin [-house]; -dini = daoine [people]) = Dwarf-people and\or house-of-people-of-Knowledge (Squire, 2001, pp. 19, 21, and 231, O'Flynn, BOOK OF BALLYMOTE, about 1400 C.E.). The Irish. Godo = Vota = Fodha; God = Vot = Fod and\or Fodh; -do = -ta = -taidh and\or -tighe; and -din = -dini = -daoine. Vennicnii = Bheanachan, Vineachan, Fenians, Fingalians, Fineachan, Fianna-Eireann, Fiontaidh, Families, Soldiers, Nations, Heathans, Tribes, Clanns, Gentiles, Giants, Kindred, and\or Warriors. It was "The Gathering of the Clanns" (Na Fineachan Gaidhealach = The Gaidhealach Kindred) in Ulaidh who sent re-inforcements to Alba and led the Coille-daoine (Caledonii = Clann Brodie) at the Battle of Mons Graupius. The leader of the Celts at the battle was Calgacus. That's a title and equivalent to Ceann-cath [Chief of War; Johnson and Bacon, 1981, pp. 13 and 14). Gal-ca-gus = Gaidheil-cath-gus and\or Gaidheil-cathach-gus Gal: Gaidheil (plural of Gaidheal and\or Goidel) -ca, cath, caith, and cathach: battle, fight, fighting, struggle, strive, soldier, champion, carry on war, contest, contend, of, or pertaining to war, warlike, and\or warrior; the h after the t softens the t and th is usually silent; the h after the c softens the c and in some instances ch, especially within compound words, is silent.; ca, cath, caith, and cathach are pronounced about the same - gus: force, sharpness, strong, smartness, death, anger, and\or keen Galcagus would be a title meaning Strong-warrior-of-Gaidheil - OR - Calga-cus = Calgach-cus, Colgach-cus, and\or Cuilgach-cus Cail: Shield, Spear, and\or Assembly Calg, Cailg, Colg, and\or Cuilg: Shield, Sting, Spear, Sword, Rage, Ardour, Arrow, Prick, Pierce, and\or Wrath Calgach: Sharp-pointed, Prickly, and\or Piercing Colgach and\or Cuilgach: Furious, Fierce, Stern, Ardent, and\or Wrathful - cus: no fear Calgacus would be a title meaning Furious-no-fear "Treun-mor and\or Treun-mhor [Treun (brave, brave man, strong, strength, hero, champion, mighty, powerful, the acme or pitch of strength, valiant, vigorous, warrior) -mor (large, lofty, noble, haughty, tall, great, chief, copious, much, mighty, great in extent, abundant, of high stature, of high rank, of great size, esteemed, extensive, in great degree, important, proud, principal, powerful, valued): chief Champion], "the great-grandfather of Fin-gal" [Finn and\or Fine): one of the three names of the Irish; -gal (goidil and\or -gaidheal): one of the three names of the Irish] collected and joined the warlike clanns and opposed their united strength to the Roman invaders, thus forming a barrier, which defeated all the strength and discipline of the legions of Rome." (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,034) The word Perth in Albainn is A' Cuimrig for Quruith (-in) = Cruithin. The area of Perth-shire (a pre-Lady Thatcher administrative unit) was part of the land of the Taezali [Taidh-Gaidheil (one of the three names of the Irish)-i] and Venicones (Fine-achan (one of the three names of the Irish)] from at least the time of Claudius Ptolemaeus in about 140 C.E. Historicallly, a son of Perth [Quruith and\or Cruithne], named Fortrenn [For = Fear (Man) and -trenn = -treun] was king of a Pictish province in that area with the same name. Fortrenn included Strathearn [Strath = Srath (Low-lying or flat part of a valley district or farm, the Low - inhabited part of a country - in contra-distinction to its hilly ground, Dell, Marshy ground, Meadow, Any low-lying country along a river, Plain beside a river, Valley through which a river runs) and -earn and\or -Eireann = -Ireland, in Southern Perth-shire]. Fortrenn is a variation of Trenfher. "[The God] Ogma was also known as Trenfher, "strong man," or champion; he was a hero of the Tuath de Danann. He held a valued place in their fighting army and is mentioned as nearly as often as the [God] Dagda [Dag (Dabhach = Large tub, Mashing vat, and\or Vat" the mystical cauldron of plenty" -da, dagh, and\or deagh (good, excellent, and\or worthy): Good-Cauldron] for his warrior prowess." (O'Brien, 2005, pp. 44, 59 and 60 and Dwelly, 1994, pp. 305, 306, 310, 313, 315, and 978). The pre-Hellenic Greeks were the non-Indo-European Anatolians (Asiatics: the Hattians, the Hurrians, and the Urartians). In the poems of Homer, they and\or their descendants were called Danaans. (Lang, Leaf, and Myers, 1996, pp. 11 and 15) Their descendants were part the Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitics) nation. Some of the non-Indo-European Anatolians migrated up the Danube River which was named for them and later were part of the Hallstadt Celts. Therefore, different ancient people in the British Isles who migrated there from Western Europe (Clann Brodie) and the Mediterranian (the Scotti) would share certain characteristics. "Danaus, in Greek legend, [was] son of Belus, king of Egypt"...(THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 871). Furthermore, "Dan [was], one of the 12 tribes of Israel (an Afro-Asiatic [Hamito-Semitic] nation). The tribe was named after the first of two sons born to Jacob (also called Israel) and Bil-hah, the maidservant of Jacob's second wife, Rachel" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 870). The name Bil-hah contains a form of Bel (Baal) as does the name Jeze-bel and both are related to the Greek words "Belus" and\or "Belos" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, Micropaedia, 2003, vol. 2, pp. 55 and 762). "Modern Uses: Mother Goddess, magical ancestor. Goddess of Soil and irrigation. Protector of the land. Goddess of fertility and bounty. Great Queen of all, mate of the Dagda." "She [the goddess Danu] is interconnected with Anu, who is credited with the great prosperity of Munster [in Fodhla]. A fertility and land goddess, without a doubt, we can see to this day the two mountain tops called Da Chich nAnann, which means the two "paps of Anu"...It is interesting to note that the pronunciation of Da Chich nDanaan is exactly the same as Da Chich nAnann, as the D falls silent...If Anu is a later form of Danu, the name might have come from a connection between the land's fertility and the word anae, which meant "wealth" [Sumer was in the Fertile Cresent and was wealthy as a result of this connection]. "Danu was possibly viewed in triplicate form. Her followers were named as fir tri nDea, which means either "men of the three gods" or "men of the three goddesses." There are also many mentions of the "three gods of Danu." This may be a later development, as O'Rahilly puts forth, but also may be evidence of the goddess in triplicate form." (O'Brien, 2005, pp. 46 and 47) "Bel (Akkadian), Sumerian Enlil [En-Lil and\or An-Lil], Mesopotamian god of the atmosphere and a member of the triad of gods completed by Anu [En-u and\or An-u, a possible contraction of Enlil] and Ea (Enki [En-ki])." "Although An (Anu) was the highest god [Irish: Mother Goddess and Great Queen of all?] in the Sumerian pantheon, Enlil [Bel] had a more important role...Enlil [Bel] was also the god of agriculture...Another myth relates Enlil's (Bel's) rape of his consort Nin-lil (Akkadian: Belit [Irish: Bel and Anu, two of aspects of the triplicate form?]), a grain goddess...This myth reflects the agricultural cycle of fertilization, ripening" [Irish Goddess of fertility and bounty?] "The name of his [Enlil's] Akkadian counterpart, Bel, is derived from the Semitic word baal, or "lord." Bel had all the attributes of Enlil, and his status and cult were much the same." (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 2, p. 55) "Baal, god worshipped in many ancient Middle Eastern [Afro-Asiatic and\or Hamito-Semitic] communities, especially among the Canaanites, who apparently considered him a fertility diety and one of the most important gods in the pantheon. As such [a god of distinct character], Baal designated the universal god of fertility, and in that capacity his title was Prince, Lord of the Earth. He was also called Lord of Rain and Dew, the two forms of moisture that were indispensable for fertile soil [Irish: Goddess of Soil and irrigation?] in Canaan. In Ugaritic [Northern Syria] and Old Testament Hebrew, Baal's epithet as the storm god was He Who Rides on the Clouds. In Phoenician he was called Baal Shamen, Lord of the Heavens." "But Baal was not exclusively a fertility god. He was also king of the gods" [Irish Danu\Anu: Mother Goddess and Great Queen of all?]" "The worship of Baal was popular in Egypt from the later New Kingdom in about 1,400 B.C.E. to its end (1,075 B.C.E.). Through the influence of the Aramaeans, who borrowed the Babylonian pronunciation Bel, the god utimately became known as the Greek Belos [the Scotti being influenced by both the Greeks and the Egyptians], identified with Zeus." "In the formative stages of Israel's history, the presence of Baal names did not necessarily mean apostasy or even syncretism. The Judge Gideon was also named Jerubaal (Judges 6:32) and King Saul had a son named Ishbaal (I Chronicles 8:33). For these early Hebrews, "Baal" designated the Lord of Israel, just as "Baal" farther north designated the Lord of Lebanon or of Ugarit. What made the very name Baal anathema to the Israelites was the programme of Jeze-bel, in the 9th century B.C.E. [the time of the Hallstatt Culture of the Danube River], to introduce into Israel her Phoenician cult of Baal in opposition to the official worship of Yahweh (I Kings 18)" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 2, p. 762) "Danaus, in Greek legend, son of Belus, king of Egypt, and twin brother of Aegyptus [Egypt]. Driven out of Egypt by his brother, he fled with his 50 daughters [the Danaids] to Argos [Greece], where he became king" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 871). The earliest history of the Scotti. In the first book of the ILIAD composed during the 9th or 8th century B.C. (which was the time of the Hallstatt Celts from up around the Danube river), the Greek poet Homer wrote: "So said he [Agamemnon], and the old man [Chryses, a priest of the God Apollo] was afraid and obeyed his word, and fared silently along the shore of the loud-sounding sea. Then went the aged man apart and prayed aloud to King Apollo [a God], whom [the Goddess] Leto of the fair locks bare [= Apollo MacLeto UaFairLocks]: "Hear me, god of the silver bow, that standest over Chryse and holy Killa, and rulest Tenedos with might, O Smintheus! If ever I built a temple gracious in thine eyes, or if ever I burnt to thee fat flesh of thighs of bulls or goats, fulfil thou this my desire; let the Danaans pay by thine arrows for my tears." A God (Apollo) had the human attributes of a king or a king was deified. The pre-Hellenic Greeks (Danaans = the Afro-Asiatic and\or Hamito-Semetic tribe of Dan) from the mouths of the Danube River were diefied as the Tuatha De Danaan in Irish history and\or were named after one of their Dieties (Dana and\or Anu). So, it can't be stated with certainty, that the Irish champion of the Coille-Daoine (Britons) at the Battle of Mons Graupius was the God Ogma (Trenfher) himself who had the attributes of a Celtic Battle-Chief or was a Celt who had taken on God-like attributes by the means of shamanistic practices (or the Irish witch-craft revealed by O'Brien). Or, he may have just been the most bad-ass Irish-man to have ever walked the face of the Earth. A vowel is pronounced between the "c" and the "n" in Vennicnii ("The combination of lingual consonants with labials and also g and ch is noted in that they interpolate an added vowel sound between them and one generally correspondent to the preceding vowel. Thus, the combinations lb, lch, lg, lm, lp, and so on, interpolate this distinct drawl vowel between them. Falbh (faluv); Alba (Alabu); tilg [tchilik] etc." MacLaren, 1998, p. 15) Alternative translations of Vennicnii are: Venni: Fine (Tribes); -cn: -cheann(-as) (chieftainship); and -ii: of = Chieftainship of Tribes (technically, Eire's first Ard (High) Righ (King) may have been Ogma (Fortrenn, Treunmor, and\or Trenfher); Fine (Tribes); -con(as): battle, fight, dispute, quarrel, and\or war; -ii = Tribes of War. Given the use of the name Neachdainn (Tribes) in the year 685 C.E., by the descendants of the Venicones (Fianna Eireann who went to Alba to mix it up with the Romans), Tribes of War is probably the most accurate rendering. However, many words have double meanings. For example, "running" a programme on a computer. The Tribes of War (Vennicnii = The Fianna Eireann) were also the Chieftainship of Eire.

and Proto-Gaidhealach people - including, but not limited to
Bolgi = Bol: Skill, Art, and\or Poet; Bal: the Sun; Ball: Member of a society; and\or Balg: Man of Learning; -gi: Goidel and\or gaoil (family and\or kindred) = Man of learning and\or Member of Goidel = the Irish. Builg = Buil: Men of Learning and\or -gi: Members of Goidel = the Irish. Belgae = Beall: Bel and\or Belus, a Hamito-Semitic (Afro-Asiatic) Sun God; Beoll: fire, glowing fire, and\or ember; -gae: Goidel and\or gaoil = Family of [the] Sun God = the Irish. Also, associated with the ancient inhabitants of the area of present-day Belgium. Queen Elizabeth I may have missed the opportunity of a life-time to fix her Royal Majesty's Irish troubles. Australia and the other colonies obviouly didn't do the trick. Fir Bholg = Fir: Men; Bhol = Skill, Art, and\or Poet: Gaidhealach Poet Men = the Irish. Firbolg = Men of the Men of learning and\or Male members of Goidel = The Irish. Dal nAraide = Dal and\or Dail: Share, Tribe, and\or Portion; n = n': the; Ar: Battle, Land, Field of Battle, Slaughter, Till, Tillage, Cultivate, Agriculture, Earth, Plough, and\or Ploughing; Arad: Brave and\or Strong; Araidh: Hero, Proper, and\or Worthy; rath: fortress; raidh: threaten, menace, and\or rank of soldiers; and\or raith: threaten = The Tribe of Heroes. Cenel Lugdach = (Ceann-iuil [Guide, Leader of the way, and\or Chieftain] Lugdach (the suffix -ach indicates the genitive; for example, the name MacDonald is also Domhnullach and\or Lugdoch [one's native country] = Chieftain ("Chieftain is a strictly territorial title, always related to a place" (Johnson and Bacon, 1981, p. 22) of Lug (the religious). The Lugdach were one of the three powerful classes of Celtic society. Cruithin [Quruithin and\or Cruithne] = Indo-Europeans. The root of the words: Breatunn, Breatuinn, Britain, Erin, Erinn, Eriu, Eueriio, Eire, Eireann, Eirin, Europe, Pretan, and Prydein. Qu-ruithin = P-rydein = Q-Celtic\P-Celtic That darn Qu sound is changed to a P sound Qur-uithin = Par-tholon = Q-Celtic\P-Celtic The softening of that darn Qu sound Qu-ruithin = C-ruithin = in Gaidhealach Qu-ruithin = C-ruithne = in Gaidhealach Q-uruithin = E-rin and = That darn Qu sound Eu-ro-pe is just dropped Note: The t sound became softened by being between two vowel sounds: ui-t-i and in A' Cuimrig it became a d. In Goidelic it became silent and is spelled th. There is no single proper way to pronounce it even today and the names: Bran and Brian may be variations of Britain, Prydein, Cruithin, and Quruithin. Cruithne is pronounced: Croony and Brithain would be pronounced: Brian and\or Bran. At one time, the Quruithin were everywhere in the British Isles and to separate Scot from Finn and Gael and Cruithin and Clann Gunnr from Clann Brodie and Clann Graham is splitting hairs, only made possible by the passage of time - a lot of time. Menapii = ?; -nap- may represent -neachd: -tribe and\or -tribes. In Brythonic, map (son) = mac, which earlier was pronounced and spelled macc, maq and maqq. Ui Bairrche = Ui: From, Grandchildren of, and\or Out of; Bairrche and\or Bairche: Brave = Grandchildren of [the] Brave. Ui Failge = Ui: From, Grandchildren of, and\or Out of; Fail: Noble and\or King; -ge: goidil and\or gaoil: family and\or kindred = Grandchildren of kindred of a King. Maybe The Royal Family of Erinn. An "i" is sometimes inserted into words in order to indicate the plural = Grandchildren of kindred of Kings (a royal race) Ui Maic Cairthinn = Ui: From, Grandchildren of, and\or Out of. Maic: Sons; Cairthin = Cruithinn: Grandchildren of Sons of Cruithin = Clann Curtin. This clann is still in its original Irish homeland. Not a small achievement, considering the English (German descendants, the real odd-man out of Irish history) Plantation of Ulaidh in the 17th Century C.E. They are truly the Clann Brodie of Eire. The letters "ai" after the "C" in Cairthinn, demonstrate that the original spelling of Cruithin is Quruithin. Furthermore, the names of two tribes in the Western Highlands: Caereni and Cerones and in Eire, the Coranians, Coriondi, and Partholon too, are variations of Quruithin, clearly demonstrating that the original pronunciation is Quruithinn. Ui Enechglaiss = Ui: Grandchildren of; Enech: ?; -glaiss: become green, grey, or pale; sallow; hoariness; make grey; make pale; green; green surface; greeness; green, as grass; grey; greyness; grey colour; ashy; azure hue; pale; pale or wan colour; verdure; wan = the Tuatha De Danaan (Gods) and\or the B.B.C.'s "Greys" (ancient astronauts from the planet Reticulum 4 orbiting the star Zeta 2 Reticuli).

The objectives of Na Fineachan Gaidhealach also include supporting and developing all aspects and periods of A' Gaidhlig , A' Gaedhilge; and Gaidhealach and pre-Gaidhealach heritage, history , clothing, culture, and art at local, national, regional, and international levels by:
Promoting the study and development of all periods of Gaidhlig, Gaeilge, and Gaidhealach and pre-Gaidhealach literature, scripts, drama, drawings, designs, tattoes, clothing, music, alphabets, oghams, painting, poetry, pictures, and all other related art forms of Britain and Eire. Names of Eire ------------- 1. Banba (16) = Ban: genitvie plural of bean (Female and\or Woman) - ba and\or bath: the sea, slaughter, death, massacre, and\or murder = Women-of-slaughter (female-warriors) 2. Fail (17) = genitive singular of Fal = of a Noble and\or King and\or plural of Fal = Nobles and\or Kings or A contraction of "Faileas:" Shadow, Shade, Spectre, Ghost, and\or Reflected Image. It refers to the shadow cast by a sunken moulding and\or a hollow of a great stone (Lia) talisman and\or sacred throne. "The [Gaidhealach] words, Lia Faileas and\or Lia Fail and the Greek word Scota or Scotia mean the same thing in the end" (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 12, Appendix Page 2 The Stone of Destiny) = Scots and\or Scotti (one of the three names of the Irish) 3. Fotla (15) and\or Fodhla (Foladh and\or Folladh) = Fo: Below, Beneath, Sovereign, Honour, Regard, Esteem, Under, Powerful, and\or King; Fod: Science, Skill, and\or Art; Fodh: Skillfulness and\or Knowledge; Fodh (-dhuine): Farmer, Dwarf, and\or Ploughman; - dlige: law, duty, and\or ordinance; Foladh: Power; Folladh: Government; Fodhla: Learned (Squire, 2001, p. 231 by Eochaid O'Flynn, about 1,400 C.E., BOOK OF BALLYMOTE) = Learned Dwarf Law and\or Powerful Farmer Government 4. Hibernia = h: "Before an initial vowel, h is sometimes inserted and sometimes not, after certain words. In Skye [Sloc (Hollow, Hold, Hole, Dungeon, Dell, Den, Ditch, Grave, Gutter, Cavity, Marsh, Plough, Pool, and\or Pit) -buidhe (Golden, Yellow, and\or Yellow-colour)], the tendency is to insert that letter as shown by Mary MacPherson (Moire NicMuirich) in her book of poems - after prepositions"(18) -Ib [-Iob: Cake before being fired and\or Death; Iobair: Sacrifice and\or Offering]; -ni [-neach: person; - neachd: family and\or tribe]; ia: country = country of people of Sacrifice Iobhair is a very old word, indeed. However, at a certain point in time, the descendants of the Afro-Asiatic people, in Alba at least, had switched from sacrificing humans as burnt offerings (19) - the infamous wicker-men - to cooking oats. Sacrificing humans may have started with cooking and eating monkeys and other primates. Then, Homo sapiens Neanderthalis. It's highly unlikely that Neanderthals were cannibals. More likely, Homo sapiens sapiens and\or Cro-Magnons (Homo sapiens cro-magnon) preyed upon Neanderthals for food. They may have learned about religion from Neanderthal captives or neighbors and consequently sacrificed Neanderthals as burnt offerings before eating them. Long before peak-Neanderthal our ancestors would have suffered from an acute shortage of this varitety of food and switched to sacrificing modern humans, but of different tribes (races, we mean, they weren't cannibals after all) as burnt offerings. Because of religeous beliefs, they probably would have stopped eating their human victims after a while. Of course, human sacrifice couldn't last in the new global community (N.G.C.) that included the Sasunach (and other Germans), the Roman Empire, and the Vikings. Christianity was as good an excuse as any, for a badly needed attitude-adjustment. If words ever had meaning though, then Clann Dughaill earned its name the old fashioned way - becoming every Vikings' worst nightmare - while helping Somairle Mac GilleBrigta, Clann MacDonald, and Clann Rory clean the Vikings out of the Western Isles during the 12th Century C.E. Du and\or Dubh [Black, Blackness, Blacken, Blot out, Habitation, Land, Stain, Sad, Dark, Dark-haired, Darkness, Darken, Disastrous, Country, Mournful, Place of Abode, and\or Wicked] -gail (goil and\or goill [Bravery, Bloodshed, Battle, Boil with rage, Fume, Fight, Fury, Slaughter, Shield, Smoke, Chivalry, Rage, Any cause of grief, Prowess, Power, Valour, and\or War]) Somerled and\or Somhairle: the Old Testament Biblical name: Samuel -e, -ed, and\or -ed and\or -edh = like, as, ish: Samuel-like). The Biblical Samuel was a member of the tribe of Dan. This tribe was known as the Tuath de Danaan in Irish history, a Phoenician (Fineachan = Finn, one of the three names for the Irish) tribe that settled in the British Isles and was part of the Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) Quruithinn (Cruithin). Somerled may have been a direct descendant of the original Afro-Asiatic settlers of the British Isles, rather than a descendant of Christian or Jewish converts. Gillebrigta (Gille [Boy, Lad, Man-servant, Ploughman, and\or Youth] -brigta [Benifit, Strength, Sap, Substance, Capacity, Essence, Energy, Pith, Valour, Vigour, Virtue] = Samuel-like Son [of a] Man-servant [of] Valour and\or Son [of a] Man-servant or Gille-Brighde [Oyster-catcher and\or Sea-piet = "Guide of Bridget"]; Gillebrigta and\or Gille-Brighde may have been the name of the Boy Troop and under the protection of the Goddess Brighid before any of the Albannaich and Eireannaich switched to Christianity or Judaism) Cu-Chulainn: "Why are the MacDougalls burning all the Santa Clauses, Scathach?" Scathach (Scot): "They're making a list, Checking it twice, Trying to find out, Who's naughty or nice, Santa Clauses are Wicker Men, My hound." King (Righ) Conchobar also earned his name the old fashioned way. Con and\or Conch (Wolf) -obar (-iobhair [-iberian]), Conachar (Conhower, and\or Connor; Squire, 2001, n. 1, p. 1), and\or Concharra (Dog-like) and\or (Wolf [of] Iberians), and\or Connor Mac Nessa (Ni-Asa (Ni [Not] -Asa [-Asa and\or -Fasa [Easier]; -Furas, and\or -Furasda [Easy] and\or [of] [easy-accomplishment] = Not-Easy): the name of Connor's mother - primitive Irish social relations were surprisingly modern in some ways - and\or Connor Mac Nessa (Wolf of Hiberians Son [of] Not-Easy). Connor and his mum Nessa give an idea of what bad-asses the Irish used to be. In addition to the Finn [Fineachan = Phoenician], Scotti, and Tuath de Danaan, other Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) people with a connection to Eire include: Basques [Celt-Iberians], Bel-gae, and Iberians. (MacGregor, La-Luain 7 Iuchar 2008, paragraph 1, Forward and pargraph 12, Celtic Civilization & Languages and Y-DNA Testing as well) "In her work, published in 2000, Ms Evans, an Egyptologist, pursues and cultivates her persuasive view that ancient Egyptians (the Fail and\or the Scotti) came to settle in [Breatunn] Britain, and in particular [Alba] Scotland and [Banba]. `We are now left with one final enigma. Very high frequencies of [group] O blood, similar to those found in much of [Cuimridh], [Albainn] and [Fotla], are rarely encountered.' Apart from a few islands in the Aegean Sea and pockets in the Western Caucasus, [Mr.] Irwin Morgan-Watkins ([Cuimreach] Welsh geneticist and author of ABO BLOOD GROUP DISTRIBUTION IN WALES IN RELATION TO HUMAN SETTLEMENT) discovered that the only other region of the world which produced similar gene frequency results to those of [Breatuinn] was North Africa, particularly the so-called Hamatic tribes, which, as we have seen, are the accepted descendants of the ancient Egyptians. Along the Atlantic seaboard the only other correlation with [Pretan] was to be found upon the peculiarly named `Island of Ra', just off the North African coast." (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 2, Appendix Page 1 Where Did They Come From and What Happened to Them?) ..."it has been widely accepted that the language spoken in the South of Pictland was a form of P-Celtic, rather similar to that spoken by the [Breatunnaich] Britons of Strathclyde [Srath Chluaidh] or the early [Cuimbrich] Welsh, and that the language spoken in the North (though this view has somewhat fallen out of favour in recent years), may have been an aboriginal non-Indo-European speech: possibly akin to Basque. Curiously, as regards the Basque theory at any rate, extensive D.N.A. research, carried out during 2004 by a team from Trinity College, Dublin, shows striking genetic affinities between the [Albannaich], [Hibernian] and [Cuimbrich] and the people of N.W. Spain: in particular the Basque Region and Galicia. The study was published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, in an article entitled: `The Longue Duree.' (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 3, Appendix Page 3 The Pictish Language) 5. Eriu (20), Eueriio, and\or Eire = Er and\or Earr: Noble, Heroism, Champion, and\or Great; i: island = Noble-island. The first Indo-Europeans who settled the Western coast of Europe and the British Isles, had and still have difficulty pronouncing the "Qu" sound beginning some words such as "Quruithin," which was one of the names of the Bronze-Age Hallstadt Celtic wheat farmer\warriors who settled in the Pretannic (British) Isles. (MacGregor, La-Luain 7 Iuchar 2008, paragraphs 5, 6, and 7, Celtic Civilization & Languages) So, some of the non-Indo-European Asiatic (Anatolian) and\or Afro-Asiatc (Hamito-Semitic = Phoenician) people just dropped the "Q" sound. The "B" sound at the beginning of the words Breatunn, Breatuinn, and Britain is a later softening of a "P" sound (Pretan and\or Prydein) - the Pretannic Isles of the pre-Hellenic (Afro-Asiatic) Greeks who are called the Tuatha (Laity, Farmers, Husbandmen, Tenants, Tenantry, Country-people, Aggregate number of any land proprietors, Peasantry) De Danann in Irish history. Some Indo-Europeans changed the tongue-twisting "Qu" sound into a "P" sound: P-Celtic. 6. Erin (21), Erinn (22), Eireann (23), and\or Eirin (16), Eirinn = The double n - "nn" - in some words is a feature of Albannach-Gaidhlig; genitive of Eriu, Eueriio, and Eire = Noble-island. 7. Inisfail (24) and Innis-fail (25) = The hyphen in compounds is a feature of Gaidhlig; Inis and\or Innis: Island; fail: genitive singular of Fal and\or plural of Fal: Noble and\or King and\or Nobles and\or Kings = Island of a King and\or Island of Kings. or A contraction of "Faileas:" Shadow, Shade, Spectre, Ghost, and\or Reflected Image. It refers to the shadow cast by a sunken moulding and\or a hollow of a great stone (Lia) talisman and\or sacred throne. "The Gaelic words, Lia Faileas and\or Lia Fail and the Greek word Scota or Scotia mean the same thing in the end" (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 12, Appendix Page 2 The Stone of Destiny) = Scot-Island. 8. (17) Ivernia = Iobh: Cake before being fired and\or Death; Iobhair: Sacrifice and\or Offering; -neach: person and\or -neachd: family and\or tribe; and\or -ia: country = country of Sacrifice. 9. Iweridd (26) = Cuimrig [Welsh] for Hibernia and\or Ivernia. Spain (Iberia) is more than "a post-Christian euphemism for the Celtic Hades." (Squire, 2001, pp. 68, 120, 121, 230, 231, and 386)

Na Fineachan Gaidhealach promotes the use of all periods of Gaidhlig and Gaeilge, and Gaidhealach and Proto-Gaidhealach clothing of British and Eire in everyday community life.

Na Fineachan Gaidhealach co-operates with all other organisations engaged in the provision of all periods of Gaidhlig, Gaeilge, and Common Celtic (Proto-Celtic); and Gaidhealach and Pre-Gaidhealach culture of Britain and Eire.

Na Fineachan Gaidhealach actively encourages the teaching, learning and use of Gaidhlig, Gaeilge, and Proto-Gaidhealach languages, Gaidhealach and Proto-Gaidhealach clothing, and the study and cultivation of Gaidhealach and Proto-Gaidhealach literature, scripts, history, drama, drawing, designs, tattoes, music, alphabets, art, oghams, painting, poetry, and pictures. Membership is open to anyone sharing the above objectives and includes:
24 hours a day, 7 days a week use of Na Fardach (House) Cinnidhean (Kindred) (The Kindred House) with the following included: 1. Bathing. 2. Laundry. 3. Long distance and local telephone service. 4. Facsimile (fax). 5. Hiking and camping support on the nearby public land. 6. Computer with broad-band internet access. 7. Cooking facilities 8. Gaidhealach and pre-Gaidhealach books. 9. Reading room. 10. An attendant on hand 24 hours a day - 7 days a week to demonstrate turning the appliances on and off in case Clann Brodie shows up. 11. Outside yard with a fence for pets. 12. Educational materials. 13. Excersize equipment, not just for Dave (The Belfast Bruiser) Fit Finley, his Leprechaun (and son) Dylan (Shortstack) Hornswoggle Postl or Rowdy Roddy Piper.
$Shortstack and\or Hornswoggle$

The annual price of membership is:
family $80.00 couple $40.00 individual $20.00

________________________________________________________________

Treibhdhireach,

Kym Deathrage and Peggy Killhappy
Ban-ba
Na Fineachan Gaidhealach
Na Fardach Cinnidhean
Post Office Box 520 207 South Shakespeare Street 401 South Shakespeare Street Lordsburg, New Mexico Lordsburg, New Mexico 88045-1936 88045-0520 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Electronic mail: Deagh_Cheann_tighe@Yahoo.com

Footnotes
(1) Dwelly, 1994, p. 435. "The clans of Gaeldom." (2) Dwelly, 1994, pages 373. (3) Dwelly, 1994, pages 686, 1,013, and 1,024. "Naughton" and "Neachd." (4) Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 4. (5) Johnson and Bacon, 1981, plate 69. (6) Bain, 1984, p. 216. (7) Dwelly, 1994, pages 1,024. (8) Bain, 1984, p. 217. (9) Blackie, 1997, p. 89. (10) Johnson and Bacon, 1981, page 18 and plate 69. (11) Johnson and Bacon, 1981, page 43. (12) Dwelly, 1994, pages 1,022. (13) Johnson and Bacon, 1981, pages 18 and 43, and plate 69. (14) Johnson and Bacon, 1981, page 18. (15) Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach, 2008, Cruithne, numbers 39, 42-44, and 46 and The List of the Kings of the Picts. (16) Squire, 2001, pages 125 and 126. (17) Dwelly, 1994, page 1,032. (18) Dwelly, 1994, page 535. (19) Squire, 2001, pages 37 and 38. (20) Squire, 2001, pages 125, 126, and 128. (21) Squire, 2001, pages 270. (22) Squire, 2001, pages 126. (23) Dwelly, 1994, page 1,017 (24) Squire, 2001, page 150. (25) Dwelly, 1994, page 1,033. (26) Squire, 2001, pages 258, 270, and 271. (27) Dwelly, 1994, pages 427, 432, 433, 435, 438, and 1,032. (28) Dwelly, 1994, pages 237, 299, 300, and 1,031.

References
Blackie, Lorna, CLANS AND TARTANS OF SCOTLAND: THE FABRIC OF SCOTLAND, 1997, Chartwell Books, Inc.: Edison, United States of America Briffault, Herma, THE DEVASTATION OF THE INDIES: A BRIEF ACCOUNT / BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS: TRANSLATED FROM THE SPANISH BY HERMA BRIFFAULT: INTRODUCTION BY BILL M. DONOVAN, 1993, The John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, United States of America Bain, Robert, THE CLANS AND TARTANS OF SCOTLAND, 1984, Fontana/Collins: London and Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Lang, Andrew, Leaf, Walter, and Myers, Ernest, THE ILIAD OF HOMER, 1996, Airmont Publishing Company, Inc.: New York, New York, United States of America Leon-Portilla, Miguel, THE BROKEN SPEARS: THE AZTEC ACCOUNT OF THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO, 1966, Beacon Press: Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America Freeman, Philip, ST. PATRICK OF IRELAND: A BIOGRAPHY, 2004, Simon & Schuster: New York, New York, United States of America FunHouse, Anna, Retrieved on La-Luain 24 Lugh-nasad 2009, from the World Wide Web: "[Anna FunHouse]" http://www.chillivanilla.com/gws/anna/gallery_04/gws_photo.php?showimage=chilli_j.jpg "Anna's Blog Page" http://annasfunhouse.blogspot.com Finlay, Junior, David Edward, Retrieved on Diar-Daoin 3 An t-Sultuine 2009, from the World Wide Web: "WWE Profile" http://gerweck.net/fitfinlay.htm Squire, Charles, CELTIC MYTH AND LEGEND, revised edition, 2001, New Page Books (The Career Press Inc.): Franklin Lakes, United States of America Spindler, Konrad, THE MAN IN THE ICE: THE DISCOVERY OF A 5,000-YEAR-OLD BODY REVEALS THE SECRETS OF THE STONE AGE, 1994, Crown Publishers, Inc. (Harmony Books): New York, United States of America Henderson, Ronald, W., Retrieved on Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, from the World Wide Web: "Biographies of the Kings Page 2" http://www.thesonsofscotland.co.uk/ronhendersonsculptor.htm "Biographies of the Kings Page 5" http://www.thesonsofscotland.co.uk/ronhendersonsculptor.htm "The List of the Kings of the Picts" http://www.thesonsofscotland.co.uk/ronhendersonsculptor.htm "The Sources Used and the Fate of Others" http://www.thesonsofscotland.co.uk/ronhendersonsculptor.htm Dwelly, Edward, F.S.A. (Scot.), F.S.G., FACLAIR GAIDHLIG GU BEURLA LE DEALBHAN, 1994, Gairm Publications: Glaschu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Toombs, Roderick George, Retrieved on Diar-Daoin 3 An t-Sultuine 2009, from the World Wide Web: "Profile" [sic] http://gerweck.net/roddypiper.htm Tedlock, Dennis, RABINAL ACHI: A MAYAN DRAMA OF WAR AND SACRIFICE, 2003, Oxford University Press, Inc.: New York, New York, United States of America Tilia, Ancilla, Retrieved on La-Luain 24 Lugh-nasad 2009, from the World Wide Web: "[Ancilla Tilia]" http://www.chillivanilla.com/gps/ancillatilia/gallery_02/gws_photo.php?showimage=chilli_o.JPG Clan House (publishers), SCOTS KITH AND KIN AND ILLUSTRATED MAP, undated Cherrie Osborne (illustrator) 117 Grove Street 16 Dundas Street Edinburgh, 3 Edinburgh, 3 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland C.J. Cousland and Sons Limited (printers) Queen Street Edinburgh Cohane, John Philip, THE KEY, 1970 Crown Publishers, Inc.: New York, New York, United States of America Curran, Bob, CELTIC LORE AND LEGEND: MEET THE GODS, HEROES, KINGS, FAIRIES, MONSTERS, AND GHOSTS OF YORE, 2004, New Page Books: Franklin Lakes, United States of America McCooey, Christopher, January\February 2008, "The Highlander," Vandalia, Ohio, United States of America MacLaren, James, GAELIC SELF-TAUGHT: AN INTRODUCTION TO GAELIC FOR BEGINNERS (WITH GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION), fourth edition, 1998 Gairm Publications: Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Magee, Michael David, Retrieved on Diar-Daoin 16 Lugh-nasad 2007 and La-Ciadain 19 Lugh-nasad 2009, from the World Wide Web: "How Darius Founded Judaism." http://www.askwhy.co.uk/judaism/index.php "How Persia Created Judaism: Religion as Politics" http://www.askwhy.co.uk/judaism/0190PersiaJudaism.php "How Persia Created Judaism: The Rise of Persia" http://www.askwhy.co.uk/judaism/0180PersiaJudaism.php Marduk and Monotheism" http://www.askwhy.co.uk/judaism/0235Marduk.php Maria, Retrieved on La-Luain 24 Lugh-nasad 2009, from the World Wide Web: "[Maria]" http://www.chillinylons.com/gns/maria/gallery_01/gws_photo.php?showimage=aws_in16.jpg Monroe, Memphis, Retrieved on La-Luain 24 Lugh-nasad 2009, from the World Wide Web: "[Memphis Monroe]" http://www.chillivanilla.com/gps/memphis/gallery_01/gws_photo.php?showimage=chilli_d.jpg Morley, Sylvanus G.and Goetz, Delia, POPOL VUH: THE SACRED BOOK OF THE ANCIENT QUICHE MAYA, 1972, University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America Murray, Stephen J. "From Dot To Domesday - British History" Retrieved on Tuesday 9 January 2007, from the World Wide Web: "Septimius Severus: The Caledonian Campaign - Caracalla" http://www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk/division.htm Gardiner, Philip, SECRET SOCIETIES: GARDINER'S FORBIDDEN KNOWLEDGE: REVELATIONS ABOUT FREEMASONS, TEMPLARS, ILLUMINATI, NAZIS, AND THE SERPENT CULT, 2007, New Page Books: Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, United States of America Girard, Raphael, ESOTERISM OF THE POPOL VUH: THE SACRED HISTORY OF THE QUICHE-MAYA, 1979, Theosophical University Press: Pasedena, California, United States of America. Ancient Scotland, Retrieved on Tuesday 29 August 2006, from the World Wide Web: "The symbol side of aberlemno II." http://www.ancient-scotland.co.uk/site.php?a=2 Angie, Retrieved on La-Luain 24 Lugh-nasad 2009, from the World Wide Web: "[Angiexxx]" http://www.chillivanilla.com/gps/angiexxx/gallery_02/gws_photo.php?showimage=Chilli_h.jpg Archibald, Malcolm, March\April 1996, "The Highlander," vol. 34, No. 2, Barrington, Illinois, United States of America vol. 36, No. 2, Hull, Massachusetts, United States of America O'Brien, Lora, IRISH WITCHCRAFT FROM AN IRISH WITCH, 2005, New Page Books: Franklin Lake, New Jersey, United States of America Urquhart, Blair (Ed.), TARTANS: THE NEW COMPACT STUDY GUIDE AND IDENTIFIER, 1994, Chartwell Books: Secaucus, New Jersey, United States of America. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, 15th ed., Chicago, United States of America Johnson and Bacon Publishers, THE SCOTTISH CLANS AND THEIR TARTANS, 1981, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Postl, Dylan, Retrieved on Diar-Daoin 3 An t-Sultuine 2009, from the World Wide Web: "WWE Profile" http://gerweck.net/shortstack.htm Kym, Retrieved on La-Luain 24 Lugh-nasad 2009, from the World Wide Web: "[Kym]" http://www.chillivanilla.com/gps/kym/gallery_01/gws_photo.php?showimage=aws_kym4-007.jpg Winship, George Parker (trans. and ed.) and Hodge, Frederick Webb (add. notes and intro.), THE JOURNEY OF CORONADO/PEDRO DE CASTANEDA, ET AL, 1990, Dover Publications, Inc.: Mineola, New York, United States of America

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