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Battle of the Worlds


Na Fineachan Gaidhealach (1):
The Day Before Mons Graupius



The Symbol Side of Aberlemno II, copyright (c) 1998 by Martin McMarthy

If a flock of birds graze
upon Mag Murthemne ,
you shall have a duck
with half of another;
if fish come into the estuaries,
you shall have a salmon
with half of another;
you shall have the three sprigs,
the spray of watercress,
the spray of marshwort,
and the spray of seaweed,
and a drink of cold
sandy water after it.
You shall have some-one
in the ford in your place,
if it should happen to be your
watch, until you have slept.
-- Cu-Chulainn ,
209 Current Era (C.E.).

The Battle Stone at Aberlemno commemorates the victory of Na
(The) Fineachan (Boors, Families, Farmers, Fenians, Fingalians, Fianna
Eireann, Fionntaidh, Soldiers, Surnames, Nations, Tribes, Clanns,
Giants, Plowmen, Kindred, and\or Warriors) Gaidhealach (Gaelic) - The
Clanns of Gaeldom - against the Sasunnaich (ancestors of today's
English) at Dun (2) (Hill) Neachdainn ( Tribes and\or Families) =
Tribes' Hill (3), and its variations, Dunachton (3) and Dunaughton (3)
- in 685 C.E. As a result, Neachdainn and its variations, Nathad (4),
Nachdan (5), Nachtan (6), Naughton (7), Naiton (4), Nethan (4), Nethad
(4), Netthan (4), Netthad (4), Nectane (4), Nechtan (8 and 9), Nechton
(4), Necthon (4), Nectan (10), MacNachdan (5 and 11), MacNachton (11),
MacNaghten (9 and 11), MacNauchton (11), MacNaughtan (6,9, and 11),
MacNaughtane (5), MacNaughton (6,9,12, and 13), MacNaughten (6 and 9),
MacNeachdain (14), MacNeachdainn (6, 8, and 12 ), and Gart-nait (15)
became popular personal names in Scotland (Alba and\or Albainn, a
pre-Lady Thatcher nation on the island of Britain (Breatunn, Breatuinn,
Pretan, Prydein, Cruithinn, and\or Quruithinn).
It's also found in Ireland (see below).


The aims of Na Fineachan Gaidhealach (The Kindred Gaelic) are to cultivate and help rescue from oblivion , all and\or copies of all Scottish (Albannach) Gaelic (A' Ghaidhlig), Irish (A' Ghaedhilge and\or A' Ghaeilge), Proto-Celtic (Common Celtic) and\or Pictish (Cruithnach) books, including but not limited to language books.

     The words Ghedhilge, Ghaeilge, Ghaidhlig, Gaelic,
     Gaedhilge, Gaeilge, Gaidhlig, and Gaidhealach are all
     pronounced about the same, today, through the process known
     as synizesis.  "Synizesis is when two [sometimes more]
     vowels [sounds] coalesce into a single long vowel [sound].
     Very frequently the first vowel in the group will be
     epsilon, such as in the genitive ending -ew in, for
     example, [the Greek word] Phlhi?dew in the first line of
     the Iliad."  (Annis, January 2006, Introduction to Greek
     Meter)

     Consonant sounds in Gaidhealach languages that are
     aspirated and written with an h immediately after
     them, an i immediately before them, and\or a . (dot)
     immediately above them, are also pronounced just as
     they are pronounced without aspiration - with some
     very important exceptions.

          b into bh and\or ib
          f into fh and\or if
          s into sh and\or is
          d into dh and\or id
          t into th and\or it
          c into ch and\or ic
          g into gh and\or ig
          p into ph and\or ip

          All of the above aspirated consonants
          can also have a dot above them, with
          or without an h immediately after them
          and\or an i immediately before them.

     For example, the word oghum is commonly pronounced as
     if it is spelled ogum.

     The aspirated consonants are considered to be a
     softening in pronunciation of their unaspirated
     consonanats.  Furthermore, aspirated consonants tend
     to be no longer pronounced and oghum is sometimes
     pronounced:  oum.  The bh in the word dubh is commonly
     not pronounced, as if dubh is spelled du.  The
     aspirated bh is also pronounced like v:  duv and
     sometimes, as the unaspirated b:  dub.  Some
     dictionaries have these variations, if there's a
     recorded instance of them.

     "Etymology teaches us that when a consonant is
     aspirated [indicated by placing an "i" just before the
     consonant, an "h" just after it, and\or a dot just
     above it] the cause is generally traced to the fact
     that it is flanked on both sides by a vowel before and
     after it, the latter [a vowel at the end of the word]
     if final having dropped away in the course of time"
     (MacLaren, 1998, p. 3).

     In Wales (Cuimridh) the name Lugh [Brightness (-fear
     [man] = Lucifer) is pronounced similar to:  Lu.
     Though, in Cuimridh (Wales) it's spelled:  Llu.  It's
     also spelled:  Lug.  So, the names Lug and Lugh are
     pronounced:  Lu (Llu), Lug, and Lugh.  All of the
     other aspirated consonants are also pronounced either
     unaspirated, softened (aspirated), and\or not
     pronounced - with some very important exceptions.  In
     some cases, the aspirated consonant is pronounced as
     an:  h.  For example, Eochaidh = Yohee in Ireland, but
     Yokee and\or Yokhee in Albainn.  In the Gaidhealach
     languages, the letter k is replaced by the letter c.
     The letter c is always pronounced as a k and the
     aspirated c - ch -is never pronounced as the ch in the
     English language word:  charm.

     Variations in pronounciation and spelling are quite
     common in A' Gaedhilge (Irish), which has a 2,000 year
     written record, four language periods, 11 liturature
     phases, more than seven dialects (counting that
     learned in the Maze by Nationalist and Republican
     prisoners during the Troubles), and borrowings from
     Latin (from the Roman Catholic Church), Scandinavian
     (from the Vikings:  the Lochlannaich [Danes] and the
     Fionn Lochlainnich [Norwegians]), French (from
     the Normans [Tormoidibh]), English (A' Bheurla, from
     the Sasunnaich [English]) and 20th century C.E.
     modernisms, such as telefon.

     In Gaidhealach languages, the spelling and
     pronunciations of words are governed by cases and
     gender.  The above catagories of people are expressed
     in the following ways.  Some of the very important
     exceptions that require spelling and pronouncing
     consonants with aspiration and without aspiration at
     certain times are also shown below.


                  Bean = Female, She-goat, Nimble,
                         Quick, Active, Woman, Wife
                  ---------------------------------

                                 Definite
                                 --------

                        Singular           Plural
                        --------           ------

          Nominative    a' bhean           na mnathan

          Dative        (do) 'n mhnaoi     (do) na mnathaibh

          Genitive      na mna             nam ban

          Vocative      ris a' mhnaoi      ris na mhathaibh

                                Indefinite
                                ----------

          Nominative    bean               mnathan and\or
                                           mnai

          Dative        mnaoi              mnathaibh

          Genitive      mna                bhan

          Vocative      a bhean!           a mhnathan!

          (Dwelly, 1994, p. 82)

          note:  "bh is pronounced as "v," "mh" is
                 pronounced as "v," "mhn" as "vr,"
                 and "mn" as "mr."


               Fear = Husband, Male, Man, Any object or
                      person of the masculine gender
               ----------------------------------------

                                 Definite
                                 --------

                        Singular           Plural
                        --------           ------

          Nominative    am fear            na fir

          Dative        (do) 'n fhear      (do) na fearaibh

          Genitive      an fhir            nam fear

          * Dwelly doesn't list the vocatives *

                                Indefinite
                                ----------
          Nominative    fear               fir

          Dative        fear               fearaibh

          Genitive      fir                fhear

          Vocative      fhir!              fheara!


          (Dwelly, 1994, p. 422)

          note:  "fh is not pronounced."
          -------------------------------------------------


                   Nominative Case
                   ---------------

          bean-Lochlann    = a Danish woman

          mnathan-Lochlann

                        and\or

          mnai-Lochlann    = Danish women

          fear-Lochlann    = a Danish man

          fir-Lochlann     = Danish men

          neach-Lochlann

                        and\or

          Lochlannach      = a Danish person

          luchd-Lochlann

                        and\or

          Lochlainnich     = Danish people
          __________________________________________


          bean-Fionn Lochlann    = a Norwegian woman

          mnathan-Fionn Lochlann

                              and\or

          mnai-Fionn Lochlann    = Norwegian women

          fear-Fionn Lochlann    = a Norwegian man

          fir-Fionn Lochlann     = Norwegian men

          neach-Fionn Lochlann

                              and\or

          Fionn Lochlannach      = a Norwegian person

          luchd-Fionn Lochlann

                              and\or

          Fionn Lochlainnich     = Norwegian people
          ___________________________________________


          bean-Tormoid    = a Norman woman

          mnathan-Tormoid

                       and\or

          mnai-Tormoid    = Norman women

          fear-Tormoid    = a Norman man

          fir-Tormoid     = Norman men

          neach-Tormoid

                       and\or

          Tormoideach     = a Norman person

          luchd-Tormoid

                       and\or

          Tormoidich      = Norman people
          _____________________________________


          bean-Sasunnach    = an English woman

          mnathan-Sasunnach

                         and\or

          mnai-Sasunnach    = English women

          fear-Sasunnach    = an English man

          fir-Sasunnach     = English men

          neach-Sasunnach

                         and\or

          Sasunnach         = an English person

          luchd-Sasunnach

                         and\or

          Sasuinnich        = English people
     _____________________________________________________


     One is free to pronounce and spell aspirated words in
     several ways - with some very important exceptions -
     in Gaidhealach areas; especially Ireland.  Consider
     that the name for Ireland itself has so many
     variations:

     1.  Banba (16) = Ban:  genitvie plural of bean
                      (Female and\or Woman) - ba and\or
                      bath:  the sea, slaughter, death,
                      massacre, and\or murder
                      = Women of slaughter
                        (female-warriors)

     2.  Fail (17) = genitive singular of Fal = of a
                     Noble and\or King and\or plural of
                     Fal
                     = Nobles and\or Kings

                                     or

                     A contraction of "Faileas:"  Shadow,
                     Shade, Spectre, Ghost, and\or
                     Reflected Image.  It refers to the
                     shadow cast by a sunken moulding
                     and\or a hollow of a great stone
                     (Lia) talisman and\or sacred throne.
                     "The [Gaidhealach] words, Lia Faileas
                     and\or Lia Fail and the Greek word
                     Scota or Scotia mean the same thing in
                     the end"... (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10
                     Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 12,
                     Appendix Page The Stone of Destiny)
                     = Scots and\or Scotti (one of the
                       three names of the Irish)


                   Nominative Case
                   ---------------

          bean-Scot

                         and\or

          bean-Albannach    = a Scottish woman

          mnathan-Scot

          mnathan-Albannach

          mnai-Scot

                         and\or

          mnai-Albannach    = Scottish women

          fear-Scot

                         and\or

          fear-Albannach    = a Scottish man

          fir-Scot

                         and\or

          fir-Albannach     = Scottish men

          neach-Scot

          Scotach

          neach-Albannach

          Albannach         = a Scottish person

          luchd-Scot

          Scoitich

          luchd-Albannach

                         and\or

          Albainnich        = Scottish people

          note:  Scot can also be spelled Shut, Schot,
                 Schut, Scod, Scead, Sgath, and Ysgod
                 (see below).  All of them are pronounced
                 about the same with and without
                 aspiration.  Albainnich specifies Scotti
                 in Alba and some other peoples there.
                 Just as Picts specifies Cruithnich and
                 some other people in Alba.

                 The name of the woman warrior, Scathach
                 the Amazon (Squire, 2001, pp. 163, 164,
                 and 176), who trained Cu-Chulainn, means
                 Scot and she was a member of the Smer-tae
                 (female-Heroes) tribe (see below).
                 __________________________________________


          bean-Cruithneach    = a Pictish woman

          mnathan-Cruithneach

                           and\or

          mnai-Cruithneach    = Pictish women

          fear-Cruithneach    = a Pictish man

          fir-Cruithneach     = Pictish men

          neach-Cruithneach

                           and\or

          Cruithneach         = a Pictish person

          luchd-Cruithneach

          Cruithnich

                           and\or

          Cruithin-tuatha     = Pictish people and\or Wheat
                                people
         __________________________________________________


          bean-Eireannach    = an Irish woman

          mnathan-Eireannach

                          and\or

          mnai-Eireannach    = Irish women

          fear-Eireannach    = an Irish man

          fir-Eireannach     = Irish men

          neach-Eireannach

                          and\or

          Eireannach         = an Irish person

          luchd-Eireannach

                          and\or

          Eirinnich          = Irish people

          note:  There're at least eight different ways to
                 spell the Gaidhealach variation for the
                 word Ireland (see below):

                      Erin (21)     Erinn (22)
                      Eriu (20)     Eueriio
                      Eire          Eireann (23)
                      Eirin (16)    Eirinn

                 Each of these variations can be used to
                 form each of the words for a person or
                 people of Ireland:

                    bean-Erineach     Mnathan-Erinneach
                    mnai-Eriunnach    fear-Eueriionnach
                    fir-Eireanach     neach-Eireannach
                    Eirineach         luchd-Eirinnach
                    Erinich

                    bean-Erinneach    - and so on -
         __________________________________________________


     3.  Fotla (15) and\or Fodhla
         (Foladh and\or Folladh)

                   = Fo:  Sovereign and\or King; Fod:
                     Science, Skill, and\or Art; Fodh:
                     Skillfulness and\or Knowledge; -
                     dlige:  law, duty, and\or ordinance;
                     Foladh:  Power; Folladh:  Government;
                     Fodhla:  Learned (Squire, 2001, p.
                     231 by Eochaid O'Flynn, about 1,400
                     C.E., BOOK OF BALLYMOTE)

     4.  Hibernia = h:  "Before an initial vowel, h is
                    sometimes inserted and sometimes not,
                    after certain words.  In Skye
                    [Sloc (Hollow, Hold, Hole, Dungeon,
                    Dell, Den, Ditch, Grave, Gutter,
                    Cavity, Marsh, Plough, Pool, and\or
                    Pit)-buidhe (Golden, Yellow, and\or
                    Yellow-colour)], the tendency is to
                    insert that letter as shown by Mary
                    MacPherson (Moire NicMuirich) in her
                    book of poems - after prepositions"
                    ...(18) -Ib [-Iob:  Cake before being
                    fired and\or Death; Iobair:
                    Sacrifice and\or Offering]; -ni
                    [-neach:  person; - neachd:  family
                    and\or tribe]; ia:  country
                    = country of people of Sacrifice

                    In addition to the Irish (Finn, Scotti,
                    Tuath de Danaan, Cruithnich), other
                    Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) people
                    include:  Basques, Bel-gae, Iberians,
                    Celt-Iberians, and Pictones.
                    (MacGregor, La-Luain 7 Iuchar 2008,
                    paragraph 1, Forward and pargraph 12,
                    Celtic Civilization & Languages and
                    Y-DNA Testing).


                   Nominative Case
                   ---------------

          bean-Danach      = a woman of Dana, Danu, Ana,
                             and\or Anu

          mnathan-Danach

                        and\or

          mnai-Danach      = women of Dana, Danu, Ana,
                             and\or Anu

          fear-Danach      = a man of Dana, Danu, Ana,
                             and\or Anu

          fir-Danach       = men of Dana, Danu, Ana, and\or
                             Anu

          neach-Danach

                        and\or

          Danach           = a person of Dana, Danu, Ana,
                             and\or Anu

          luchd-Danach

          Dainich

                        and\or

          Tuatha De Danaan = People of [the] Diety Dana,
                             Danu, Ana, and\or Anu and\or
                             People of [the] Diety of
                             Poets.  An, An-u, and En-u
                             were the names of a Sumerian
                             diety (see below).
         __________________________________________________

                    "In her work, published in 2000, Ms
                    Evans, an Egyptologist, pursues and
                    cultivates her persuasive view that
                    ancient Egyptians (the Fail and\or
                    the Scotti) came to settle in
                    [Breatunn] Britain, and in
                    particular [Alba] Scotland and [Banba].
                    `We are now left with one final enigma.
                    Very high frequencies of [group] O
                    blood, similar to those found in much
                    of [Cuimridh], [Albainn] and [Fotla],
                    are rarely encountered.'  Apart from a
                    few islands in the Aegean Sea and
                    pockets in the Western Caucasus, [Mr.]
                    Irwin Morgan-Watkins ([Cuimreach] Welsh
                    geneticist and author of ABO BLOOD
                    GROUP DISTRIBUTION IN WALES IN
                    RELATION TO HUMAN SETTLEMENT)
                    discovered that the only other
                    region of the world which produced
                    similar gene frequency results to
                    those of [Breatuinn] was North
                    Africa, particularly the so-called
                    Hamatic tribes, which, as we have
                    seen, are the accepted descendants
                    of the ancient Egyptians.  Along
                    the Atlantic seaboard the only
                    other correlation with [Pretan]
                    was to be found upon the peculiarly
                    named `Island of Ra', just off the
                    North African coast."
                    (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10
                    Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 2,
                    Appendix Page 1 Where Did They Come
                    From and What Happened to Them?)

                    ..."it has been widely accepted that
                    the language spoken in the South of
                    Pictland was a form of P-Celtic,
                    rather similar to that spoken by the
                    [Breatunnaich] Britons of Strathclyde
                    [Srath Chluaidh] or the early
                    [Cuimbrich] Welsh, and that the
                    language spoken in the North (though
                    this view has somewhat fallen out of
                    favour in recent years), may have been
                    an aboriginal non-Indo-European speech:
                    possibly akin to Basque.  Curiously, as
                    regards the Basque theory at any rate,
                    extensive D.N.A. research, carried out
                    during 2004 by a team from Trinity
                    College, Dublin, shows striking genetic
                    affinities between the [Albannaich],
                    [Hibernian] and [Cuimbrich] and the
                    people of N.W. Spain:  in particular
                    the Basque Region and Galicia.  The
                    study was published in the American
                    Journal of Human Genetics, in an
                    article entitled:  `The Longue Duree.'
                    (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10
                    Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 3,
                    Appendix Page 3 The Pictish Language)


                          Nominative Case
                          ---------------

          bean-Breathnach

          bean-Cuimbreach

                          and\or

          bean-Cuimear       = a Walsh and\or Welsh woman

          mnathan-Breathnach

          mnathan-Cuimbreach

          mnathan-Cuimear

          mnai-Breathnach

          mnai-Cuimbreach

                          and\or

          mnai-Cuimear       = Walsh and\or Welsh women

          fear-Breathnach

          fear-Cuimbreach

                          and\or

          fear-Cuimear       = a Walsh and\or Welsh man

          fir-Breathnach

          fir-Cuimbreach

                          and\or

          fir-Cuimear        = Walsh and\or Welsh men

          neach-Breathnach

          neach-Cuimbreach

          neach-Cuimear

          Breathneach

          Cuimbreach

                          and\or

          Cuimear            = a Walsh and\or Welsh person

          luchd-Breathnach

          luchd-Cuimbreach

          luchd-Cuimear

          Bruithnich

          Cuimbrich

                          and\or

          Cuimir             = Walsh and\or Welsh people
         __________________________________________________


                    Briefly, the Afro-Asiatic
                    (Hamito-Semitic) Quruithin (Cruithnich)
                    occupied part of the Lowlands
                    (Venicones = Fineachan = Phoenician =
                    Finn (one of the three names for the
                    Irish) = Fianna), North Highlands (the
                    Decantae = Deagh-Cheann-tighe
                    [Royal-Chieftain] = Clann Gunnr and the
                    Lugi = Clann MacKay), Western
                    Highlands, and parts of Fodhla (Clann
                    Curtin).  The Cruithnich in the North
                    Highlands and and Western Highlands
                    comprised the kingdom called:
                    Cruithin-tuatha.  During the historical
                    period, all of them spoke Goidelic
                    (Q-Celtic).

                    The Indo-European Celts:  Caledonii =
                    Coille-Daoine [Forest-People] = Clann
                    Brodie, occupied the Central Highlands.
                    They comprised the kingdom called:
                    Northern Pictland.  During the
                    historical period, they spoke Brythonic
                    (P-Celtic).

                    The Indo-European Celts Tazali (Goidel
                    = Gaidheil and later joining the Finn =
                    Maeatae = Clann Graham and Clann
                    Kennedy) occupied the Lowlands and
                    Northwestern part of the Southern
                    Uplands (Clann Kennedy) and most of
                    Folladh (Clann Curtin).  These Gaidheil
                    in Alba comprised the kingdom called:
                    Southern Pictland.  During the
                    historical period, they spoke
                    Gaidhealach.

                    Any remnants of a non-Indo-European
                    (Hamito-Semitic and\or Afro-Asiatic)
                    speech in the British Isles would be
                    difficult to separate from the Celtic
                    languages.  For example:  Phonecian =
                    Finneachan = Finn:  one of the three
                    names for the Irish.  Also, Llu = Lug =
                    Lugh = Lugh-fear = Lucifer.  A
                    difference in just two consonants, such
                    as Q-Celtic versus P-Celtic, probably
                    does not indicate different language
                    families.

                    Iobhair is a very old word, indeed.
                    However, at a certain point in time,
                    the descendants of the Afro-Asiatic
                    people, in Alba at least, had switched
                    from sacrificing humans as burnt
                    offerings (19) - the infamous
                    wicker-men - to cooking oats.

                    Sacrificing humans may have started
                    with cooking and eating monkeys and
                    other primates.  It's highly unlikely
                    that Neanderthals (Homo sapiens
                    neanderthals) were canibals.  More
                    likely, Homo sapiens sapiens and\or
                    Cro-Magnons (Homo sapiens cro-magnon)
                    preyed upon Neanderthals for food.
                    They may have learned about religion
                    from Neanderthals and consequently
                    sacrificed Neanderthals as burnt
                    offerings before eating them.  Long
                    before peak-Neanderthal our ancestors
                    would have suffered from a shortage of
                    victims and switched to offering humans
                    as burnt offerings.  Because of
                    religeous beliefs, they probably would
                    not have eaten their human victims.

                    Of course, human sacrifice couldn't
                    last either, in the new global
                    community (N.G.C.) that included the
                    Sasunach (and other Germans), the Roman
                    Empire, and the Vikings.  Christianity
                    was as good an excuse as any, for a
                    badly needed attitude-adjustment.

                    If words ever had meaning though, then
                    Clann Dughaill earned its name the old
                    fashioned way - becoming the Vikings'
                    worst nightmare - while helping
                    Somairle clean the Vikings out of the
                    Western Isles during the 12th Century
                    C.E.).

                         Du and\or Dubh [Black,
                         Blackness, Blacken, Blot
                         out, Habitation, Land,
                         Stain, Sad, Dark,
                         Dark-haired, Darkness,
                         Darken, Disastrous, Country,
                         Mournful, Place of Abode,
                         and\or Wicked]

                         -gail (goil and\or goill
                         [Bravery, Bloodshed, Battle,
                         Boil with rage, Fume, Fight,
                         Fury, Slaughter, Shield,
                         Smoke, Chivalry, Rage, Any
                         cause of grief, Prowess,
                         Power, Valour, and\or War]:
                         the real bad-ass Gaidheil)

                         Somerled and\or Somhairle:
                         the Old Testament Biblical
                         name:  Samuel -e, -ed,
                         and\or -edh = like, as, ish:
                         Samuel-like).  The Biblical
                         Samuel was a member of the
                         tribe of Dan.  This tribe was
                         known as the Tuath de Danaan
                         in Irish history, a
                         Phoenician (Fineachan = Finn,
                         one of the three names for
                         the Irish) tribe that settled
                         in the British Isles and was
                         part of the Afro-Asiatic
                         (Hamito-Semitic) Quruithinn
                         (Cruithin).  Somerled may
                         have been a direct descendant
                         of the original Afro-Asiatic
                         settlers of the British
                         Isles, rather than a
                         Christian or Jew.

                         Mac:  Mac (Son)

                         Gillebrigta (Gille [Boy,
                         Lad, Man-servant, Ploughman,
                         and\or Youth] -brigta
                         [Benifit, Strength, Sap,
                         Substance, Capacity,
                         Essence, Energy, Pith,
                         Valour, Vigour, Virtue] =
                         Samuel-like Son [of a]
                         Man-servant [of] Valour
                         and\or Son [of a]
                         Man-servant or Gille-Brighde
                         [Oyster-catcher and\or
                         Sea-piet = "Guide of
                         Bridget"]; Gillebrigta
                         and\or Gille-Brighde may
                         have been the name of the
                         Boy Troop and under the
                         protection of the Goddess
                         Brighid before any of the
                         Albannaich and Eireannaich
                         switched to Christianity or
                         Judaism)

                    Cu-Chulainn:  "Why are the MacDougals
                                  burning all the Santa
                                  Clauses, Scathach?"

                    Scathach (Scot):

                             "They're making a list,
                             Checking it twice,
                             Trying to find out,
                             Who's naughty or nice,
                             Santa Clauses are Wicker Men,
                             My hound."

                    King (Righ) Conchobar also earned his
                    name the old fashioned way.

                         Con and\or Conch (Wolf)
                         -obar (iobhair [Hibernian]),
                         Conachar (Conhower, and\or
                         Connor; Squire, 2001, n. 1,
                         p. 1), and\or Concharra
                         (Dog-like) and\or (Wolf [of]
                         Iberians), and\or Connor Mac
                         Nessa (Ni-Asa (Ni [Not] -Asa
                         [-Asa and\or -Fasa [Easier];
                         -Furas, and\or -Furasda
                         [Easy] and\or [of]
                         [easy-accomplishment] =
                         Not-Easy):  the name of
                         Connor's mother - primitive
                         Irish social relations were
                         surprisingly modern in some ways -
                         and\or Connor Mac Nessa (Wolf of
                         Hiberians Son [of] Not-Easy).

                         Connor and his mum Nessa give an
                         idea of what bad-asses the Irish
                         used to be.


     5.  Eriu (20),
         Eueriio, and\or Eire

                  = Er and\or Earr:  Noble, Heroism,
                    Champion, and\or Great; i:  island =
                    Noble-island.  The first Indo-Europeans
                    who settled the Western coast of Europe
                    and the British Isles, had and still
                    have difficulty pronouncing the "Qu"
                    sound beginning some words such as
                    "Quruithin," which was one of the names
                    of the previous Bronze-Age Phoenician
                    (Sea Peoples) settlers of those areas
                    or the name of the previous Neo-lithic
                    inhabitants of those areas.
                    (MacGregor, La-Luain 7 Iuchar 2008,
                    paragraphs 5, 6, and 7, Celtic
                    Civilization & Languages)

                    So, some of the Indo-European and\or
                    Afro-Asiatc (Phoenician = Fineachan =
                    Finn) people just dropped the "Q"
                    sound.  The name of the island is also
                    the root of the word:  Europe (Euro-pe)
                    and is connected with the names of the
                    Sumerian cities of Ur and Er-ech.  An,
                    An-u, En-u are the names of a Sumerian
                    Diety.  These names and also the names:
                    Dana and Danu are the names of an Irish
                    diety as mentioned above (see below).
                    They are connected with the river
                    Danube, the Danaan people (pre-Hellenic
                    Greeks) in Homer's poems, and the tribe
                    of Dan (pre-Jewish nation) in the Bible
                    (Torah).  Apparently, some Afro-Asiatic
                    (Hamito-Semitic) people settled around
                    the mouths of the Danube river on the
                    Black Sea.  They were connected with
                    the Afro-Asiatic Akkadians who had
                    settled in Sumeria to the Southeast
                    and were also connected with the
                    Phonecians to the Southwest.

                    The "B" sound at the beginning of the
                    words Breatunn, Breatuinn, and Britain
                    is a later softening of a "P" sound
                    (Pretan and\or Prydein) - the Pretannic
                    Isles of the pre-Hellenic
                    (Afro-Asiatic) Greeks who are called
                    the Tuatha (Laity, Farmers, Husbandmen,
                    Tenants, Tenantry, Country-people,
                    Aggregate number of any land
                    proprietors, Peasantry) De Danann in
                    Irish history.  Some Indo-Europeans
                    changed the tongue-twisting "Qu" sound
                    into a "P" sound:  P-Celtic.


     6.  Erin (21), Erinn (22),
         Eireann (23), and\or
         Eirin (16), Eirinn    = The double n - "nn" - in
                                 some words is a feature
                                 of Albannach-Gaidhlig;
                                 genitive of Eriu,
                                 Eueriio, and Eire
                                 = Noble-island.

     7.  Inisfail (24) and
         Innis-fail (25)  = The hyphen in compounds is a
                            feature of Gaidhlig;  Inis
                            and\or Innis:  Island; fail:
                            genitive singular of Fal
                            and\or plural of Fal:  Noble
                            and\or King and\or Nobles
                            and\or Kings
                            = Island of a King and\or
                            Island of Kings.

                                         or

                            A contraction of "Faileas:"
                            Shadow, Shade, Spectre, Ghost,
                            and\or Reflected Image.  It
                            refers to the shadow cast by a
                            sunken moulding and\or a
                            hollow of a great stone (Lia)
                            talisman and\or sacred throne.
                            "The Gaelic words, Lia Faileas
                            and\or Lia Fail and the Greek
                            word Scota or Scotia mean the
                            same thing in the end"...
                            (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10
                            Faoillteach 2008, paragraph
                            12, Appendix Page 2 The Stone
                            of Destiny) = Scot-Island.

     8.  (17) Ivernia = Iobh:  Cake before being fired
                        and\or Death; Iobhair:  Sacrifice
                        and\or Offering; -neach:  person
                        and\or -neachd:  family and\or
                        tribe; and\or -ia:  country
                        = country of Sacrifice.

     9.  Iweridd (26) = Cuimrig [Welsh] for Hibernia
                        and\or Ivernia.  Spain (Iberia)
                        is more than "a post-Christian
                        euphemism for the Celtic Hades."
                        (Squire, 2001, pp. 68, 120, 121,
                        230, 231, and 386)

The word Perth in Albainn is Cuimrig (Welsh) for Quruithin. This is very interesting in that the area of Perth-shire (a pre-Lady Thatcher administrative unit) was part of the Q-Celtic Irish settlement in Alba from at least the time of Claudius Ptolemaeus in about 140 C.E. Historicallly, a son of Perth [Quruith and\or Cruithne], named Fortrenn [For = Fear (Man) and trenn = treun (brave, brave man, strong, strength, hero, champion, mighty, powerful, the acme or pitch of strength, valiant, vigorous, warrior)], was king of a Cruithnach (Pictish) area with the same name, that included Strathearn [Strath = Srath (Low-lying or flat part of a valley district or farm, the Low - inhabited part of a country - in contra-distinction to its hilly ground, Dell, Marshy ground, Meadow, Any low-lying country along a river, Plain beside a river, Valley through which a river runs) and -earn and\or Eireann = Ireland, in Southern Perth-shire. (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, paragraph ?, Cruithne )

For-trenn is a variation of Trenfher. "[The god] Ogma was also known as Trenfher, "strong man," or champion; he was a hero of the Tuath de Danann. He held a valued place in their fighting army and is mentioned as nearly as often as the [God] Dagda [Dag (Dabhach = Large tub, Mashing vat, and\or Vat..."the mystical cauldron of plenty" -da, dagh, and\or deagh (good, excellent, and\or worthy): Good-Cauldron] for his warrior prowess." (O'Brien, 2005, pp. 44, 59 and 60 and Dwelly, 1994, pp. 305, 306, 310, 313 - 315, 978).

The Upper Danube regions in Bavaria, Bohemia, and Austria were where the Indo-European Hallstatt Celts (MacGregor, paragraph 7, Celtic Civilization & Language ) originated. The Hallstatt Celts developed from Bronze-Age pre-Indo-European Homo-sapiens-sapiens (the Homo-sapiens-neanderthals were long gone) and Indo-Europeans. "The Danube begins as two small springs - the Breg and the Brigach - that emerge from the eastern slopes of the Black Forest Mountains" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 880). This area is the original home of the Brigantes (Clann Brodie and their Goddess: Brighid and\or Bridget, see below).

The pre-Hellenic (Afro-Asiatic) Greeks at that time, were known as Danaan (Lang, Leaf, and Myers, 1996, pp. 11 and 15). Of course, they were famous as poets - the ODYSSEY and the ILIAD - during the Hallstatt period, as were the Celts and they shared many other cultural features with the Celts. "Danaus, in Greek legend, [was] son of Belus, king of Egypt"...(THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 871). The Greek "Danaus" and "Danaan" with the Celtic "Dana," "Danaan," and "Danu" and with the Sumerian\Akkadian "An," "An-u," and\or "En-u." The Greek and Celtic "Belus" with the Sumerian\Akkadian "Bel" and the connection between Egypt and the Scotti (see below). Furthermore, "Dan [was], one of the 12 tribes of Israel (an Afro-Asiatic [Hamito-Semitic] nation). The tribe was named after the first of two sons born to Jacob (also called Israel) and Bil-hah, the maidservant of Jacob's second wife, Rachel" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 870). The name Bil-hah contains a form of Bel (Baal) as does the name Jeze-bel and bothe are related to the Greek words "Belus" and\or "Belos" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, Micropaedia, 2003, vol. 2, pp. 55 and 762). The tribe of Dan provides a Biblical connection, among many connections, with the Celts, the Greeks, the Egyptians, the Scots, the Bel-gae (Bel Gaidheil and\or Gaidheil of Bel), going as far back as the Sumerians (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia, vol. 2, p. 55). Finally, there's the Amazons, Ban-ba (Women of Slaughter), Smior-te (female Heroes), and Scathach the Amazon.

     "Dana and\or Danu"

     "Modern Uses:  Mother Goddess, magical ancestor.
     Goddess of Soil and irrigation.  Protector of the
     land.  Goddess of fertility and bounty.  Great Queen
     of all, mate of the Dagda."

     "She [the goddess Danu] is interconnected with Anu,
     who is credited with the great prosperity of Munster
     [in Fodhla].  A fertility and land goddess, without a
     doubt, we can see to this day the two mountain tops
     called Da Chich nAnann, which means the two "paps of
     Anu"...It is interesting to note that the
     pronunciation of Da Chich nDanaan is exactly the same
     as Da Chich nAnann, as the D falls silent...If Anu is
     a later form of Danu, the name might have come from a
     connection between the land's fertility and the word
     anae, which meant "wealth" [Sumer was in the Fertile
     Cresent and was wealthy as a result of this
     connection].

     "Danu was possibly viewed in triplicate form.  Her
     followers were named as fir tri nDea, which means
     either "men of the three gods" or "men of the three
     goddesses."  There are also many mentions of the
     "three gods of Danu."  This may be a later
     development, as O'Rahilly puts forth, but also may be
     evidence of the goddess in triplicate form."

     (O'Brien, 2005, pp. 46 and 47)

     "Bel (Akkadian), Sumerian Enlil [En-Lil and\or
     An-Lil], Mesopotamian god of the atmosphere and a
     member of the triad of gods completed by Anu [En-u
     and\or An-u, a possible contraction of Enlil] and Ea
     (Enki [En-ki])."  The En in Enlil and Enki and the An
     in Anu, Danu, and Dana in Sumerian, Celtic, and
     Akkadian probably stem from the same meaning.

     "Although An (Anu) was the highest god [Irish:  Mother
     Goddess and Great Queen of all?] in the Sumerian
     pantheon, Enlil [Bel] had a more important role...
     Enlil [Bel] was also the god of agriculture...Another
     myth relates Enlil's (Bel's) rape of his consort
     Nin-lil (Akkadian:  Belit [Irish:  Bel and Anu, two of
     aspects of the triplicate form?]), a grain goddess...
     This myth reflects the agricultural cycle of
     fertilization, ripening" [Irish Goddess of fertility
     and bounty?]...

     "The name of his [Enlil's] Akkadian counterpart, Bel,
     is derived from the Semitic word baal, or "lord."  Bel
     had all the attributes of Enlil, and his status and
     cult were much the same."

     (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia,
     vol. 2, p. 55)

     "Baal, god worshipped in many ancient Middle Eastern
     [Afro-Asiatic and\or Hamito-Semitic] communities,
     especially among the Canaanites, who apparently
     considered him a fertility diety and one of the most
     important gods in the pantheon.  As such [a god of
     distinct character], Baal designated the universal god
     of fertility, and in that capacity his title was
     Prince, Lord of the Earth.  He was also called Lord of
     Rain and Dew, the two forms of moisture that were
     indispensable for fertile soil [Irish:  Goddess of
     Soil and irrigation?] in Canaan.  In Ugaritic
     [Northern Syria] and Old Testament Hebrew, Baal's
     epithet as the storm god was He Who Rides on the
     Clouds.  In Phoenician he was called Baal Shamen,
     Lord of the Heavens."

     "But Baal was not exclusively a fertility god.  He was
     also king of the gods" [Irish Danu\Anu:  Mother
     Goddess and Great Queen of all?]"...

     "The worship of Baal was popular in Egypt from the
     later New Kingdom in about 1,400 B.C.E. to its end
     (1,075 B.C.E.).  Through the influence of the
     Aramaeans, who borrowed the Babylonian
     pronunciation Bel, the god utimately became known as
     the Greek Belos [the Scotti being influenced by both
     the Greeks and the Egyptians; see below], identified
     with Zeus."

     "In the formative stages of Israel's history, the
     presence of Baal names did not necessarily mean
     apostasy or even syncretism.  The Judge Gideon was
     also named Jerubaal (Judges 6:32) and King Saul had a
     son named Ishbaal(I Chronicles 8:33).  For these early
     Hebrews, "Baal" designated the Lord of Israel, just as
     "Baal" farther north designated the Lord of Lebanon or
     of Ugarit.  What made the very name Baal anathema to
     the Israelites was the programme of Jeze-bel, in the
     9th century B.C.E. [the time of the Hallstatt Culture
     of the Danube River], to introduce into Israel her
     Phoenician cult of Baal in opposition to the official
     worship of Yahweh (I Kings 18)"

     (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, Micropaedia,
     vol. 2, p. 762)

     "Danaus, in Greek legend, son of Belus, king of Egypt,
     and twin brother of Aegyptus [Egypt].  Driven out of
     Egypt by his brother, he fled with his 50 daughters
     [the Danaids] to Argos [Greece], where he became
     king" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003,
     Micropaedia, vol. 3, p. 871).  The earliest history
     of the Scotti.

     The above information exposed by Lora O'Brien in
     IRISH WITCHCRAFT FROM AN IRISH WITCH and by THE NEW
     ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, is The Big Secret that
     secret societies of the Western world have been
     protecting and the Roman Catholic Church and the
     rulers of modern Western society have been trying to
     suppress, for thousands of years, according to Philip
     Gardiner in SECRET SOCIETIES:  GARDINER'S
     FORBIDDEN KNOWLEDGE:  REVELATIONS ABOUT FREEMASONS,
     TEMPLARS, ILLUMINATI, NAZIS, AND THE SERPENT CULT,
     2007.  The Bolgi, Builg, Belgae, Fir Bholg, and
     Firbolg, knew this (see below).  The Scotti brought
     not only secrets of sacred stone masonry (see below)
     with them when they landed in Foladh, but also, were
     the Tuatha de Danaan themselves.  This, according to
     Gardiner, would be the only true or real secret
     masonry.  All other masonry, even Freemasonry of the
     Scottish Rite, are controlled by the Roman Catholic
     Church, as are all other secret societies, in order to
     divert attention from the Big Secret (that O'Brien is
     dribbling out to the public, bit by bit), according to
     Gardiner.  The real history of Europe.  The Pretannic
     Isles were the last refuge of the Truth and Dwelly
     recorded the few bits that were left.

"Treun-mor [Treun (Champion) -mor (great): great Champion or Treun-mhor (very-Brave)] "the great-grandfather of Fin-gal" [Finn (Fine, Fineachan, Phoenician) -gal (goidil and\or gaidhealach): Combined tribes of the Phoenicians and Goidil (Celts)] was also known as the god Ogma, of the Tuatha De Danaan, "collected and joined the warlike clanns [including Clann Graham ( Graeme, Greme, Greumach, Griom (Battle and\or War), Gurum, and\or Girim ) and Clann Kennedy (Ceannaideach

     Ceann [Chief]

     -deach and\or -deagh [-good, -excellent,
     and\or -worthy].

     Royal Chief.  The captains of Clann Muintircasduff

     Muintir and\or Muinntir [Family, Farm-hands,
     Servants, Household, Tribe, Clann, Men, Relation,
     Inhabitants, and\or People]

     -cas-dubh and\or -cas-duff [having black feet
     and\or black legs]

     They were the Attecotti

     Aiteachadh, Aiteach, and\or Aitich [Settle,
     Habitation, Dwell, Dwelling, Till, Cultivate,
     Cultivating, Agriculture, Inhabit]

     -ti, -tighe, -taigh, and\or -teach [house and\or
     dwelling place]

and the clanns that were broken while fighting the invaders during the War of 209 - 211 C.E.], "and opposed their united strength to the Roman invaders, thus forming a barrier, which defeated all the strength and discipline of the legions of Rome." (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,034)


     But the Britons thinking themselves baffled, not so
     much by our valour as by our general's skilful use of
     an opportunity, abated nothing of their arrogant
     demeanour, arming their youth [the Boy Troop in the
     TAIN BO CHUAILGNE], removing their wives and children
     to a place of safety, and assembling together to
     ratify with sacred rites, a confederacy [Coille
     Daoine] of all their states. Thus, with angry
     feelings on both sides, the combatants parted....For
     the Britons, indeed, in no way cowed [a poor choice
     of words for anyone familiar with Celtic society] by
     the result of the late engagement, had made up their
     minds to be either avenged or enslaved, and
     convinced at length that a common danger must be
     averted by union, had, by embassies and treaties,
     summoned forth the whole strength of all their
     states [including Erinn]...(Murray, January 2006,
     Agricola - Mons Graupius - Calgacus, paragraphs 7 and 8)

Gal-ca-gus (Gaidheil-cath-gus and\or Gaidheil-cathach-gus)

     Gal:  Gaidheil (plural of Gaidheal and\or Goidel)

     ca, cath, and cathach are pronounced very much
          the same

          -cat, cath and\or caith:  battle, fight,
           struggle, strive, carry on war, contest,
           and\or contend

          -cathach:  fighting, soldier, champion, of or
           pertaining to war, warlike, and\or warrior

     - gus:  force, sharpness, strong, smartness, death,
             anger, and\or keen

             = Strong-warrior-of-[the]-Gaidheil

                           - OR -

Calga-cus (Calgach-cus, Colgach-cus, and\or Cuilgach-cus)

     Cail:  Shield, Spear, and\or Assembly

     Calg, Cailg, Colg, and\or Cuilg are pronounced very
     much the same:  Shield, Sting, Spear, Sword, Rage
     Ardour, Arrow, Prick, Pierce, and\or Wrath

     Calgach:  Sharp-pointed, Prickly, and\or Piercing

     Colgach and\or Cuilgach:  Furious, Fierce, Stern,
     Ardent, and\or Wrathful

     - cus:  no fear

             = Fierce-no-fear

     There's an Irish family in Saint Paul, Minnesota in
     the United States of America with the last name of
     Deathrage.  This stuff is real and the legend
     continues.

"collected and joined the warlike clanns and opposed their united strength to the Roman invaders" (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,034) according to Tacitus. Calgacus was the Ceann-cath (Chief of War; Johnson and Bacon, 1981, pp. 13 and 14) who led the Celts at the battle of Mons Graupius. No matter how you portion (dail) your taigeis (haggis), an Irishman saved Alba. Not exactly "How the Irish Saved Civilization," but not far off the mark, either.

It's not a question of whether the war-Chief (Ceann-cath) of the Caledonii, by whatever name, who saved Albainn at the battle of Mons Graupius, was a man or a god. In the first book of the ILIAD composed during the 9th or 8th century B.C.E., which was the time of the Hallstatt Celts up around the Danube river, the Greek poet Homer wrote:


     "So said he [Agamemnon], and the old man [Chryses, a
     priest of the god Apollo] was afraid and obeyed his
     word, and fared silently along the shore of the
     loud-sounding sea.  Then went the aged man apart and
     prayed aloud to king Apollo [a God], whom [the
     Goddess] Leto of the fair locks bare:  "Hear me, god
     of the silver bow, that standest over Chryse and holy
     Killa, and rulest Tenedos with might, O Smintheus!  If
     ever I built a temple gracious in thine eyes, or if
     ever I burnt to thee fat flesh of thighs of bulls or
     goats, fulfil thou this my desire; let the Danaans pay
     by thine arrows for my tears."

A God (Apollo) had the human attributes of a king or a king was deified. The pre-Hellenic Greeks (Danaans, Afro-Asiatic) from the mouths of the Danube River were diefied as the Tuatha De Danaan in Irish history and\or were named after one of their Dieties. So, it can't be stated with certainty, that the champion of the Coille Daoine (Britons) at the Battle of Mons Graupius was the God Ogma (Trennfhir) himself who had the attributes of a Celtic war-Chief or a Celt who was deified, maybe by having used shamanistic practices or Irish witch-craft as described by O'Brien.

The Vennicon-es (Fineachan = Fianna-Eirinn) occupied the ithsmus between the Forths of Firth and Clyde, "thus forming a barrier, which defeated all the strength and discipline of the legions of Rome" (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,034). Later they were known as the Maeatae (Meadhan: "Middle" and -tighe: "House" = Middle Kingdom) and later, Miathi. A Middle Kingdom is a Irish development and further evidence that the Picts, the Southern Picts, to be more Specific, with their capital at Scone (Sgain), were Irish.


     -------------------------------------------------------

     A feature of the Gaidhealach languages that may be
     similar to other inflected languages which use infixes
     (changes) within words more than they use prefixes and
     suffixes added to words, is that some words can
     sometimes be used as nouns, verbs, and\or adjectives.
     For example, the Gaidhlig word:  Albannach, in English
     means Scottish and is used as an adjective.  Yet, it
     is also used in Gaidhlig as a noun, to mean a person
     who is Scottish.  The difference is known by the way
     the word is used in a sentence and\or phrase.

     Additionally, in the Gaidhealach languages, the gender
     of nouns and other words affected by nouns, in
     sentences and phrases - all such, which can be
     classified as either Feminine, Neuter, and\or
     Masculine - is very important and each such word
     can thereby communicate more information by itself as
     well as add information to a sentence and\or phrase
     that would require several words and sentences in
     other languages.

     Briefly, the noun:  Alba, is feminine.  But, the
     noun:  Albannach (short, for a Scottish person, see
     below), is a masculine noun.  The Gaidhlig word for a
     Scottish-woman is sometimes spelled bean-Albannach,
     depending upon its case and some of the plurals of
     bean-Albannach (the English-language words woman and
     women show that English, too, uses infixes sometimes)
     are mnathan-Albannach and mnai-Albannach (Thomson,
     1996, p. 186 and see below).  When the luchd-Albannach
     (people who are Scottish) switched to Christianity,
     women were reduced to a second class status and men
     were considered to be the norm.  Therefore, many nouns
     having to do with people, such as Albannach, dropped
     the word for man that was affixed to it, when that
     word referred to a man and\or men and later both the
     female and male gender.  The nouns for the names of
     countries, such as Alba, being feminine, would
     indicate that peoples' relationships such as family
     and citizenship, stem from mother-hood.

     Classifying nouns and words affected by nouns,
     according to gender in Gaidhealach languages, is not
     misogynous or bigoted if, when a noun that is used
     to refer to a woman and\or women, affixes the word
     "bean" or one of its variations (see below) to it, and
     that noun affixes the word "fear" or one of its
     variations to it, when that word is used to refer to a
     man and\or men.  Eliminating the gender case in the
     Gaidhealach languages is not necessary to eliminate
     hatred of women in modern society.

     Sexism in Celtic civilization did not start with the
     imposition of Christianity and\or Judaism.  The Celtic
     god Lugh-fear [Brightness-man (Lucifer)] was
     developing into a monotheistic patriarchal diety
     before the Celts switched to the Roman Catholic
     religion (see below).  Lugh-fear (Lucifer) could have
     been either an Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic; which
     includes Christianity and Judaism) God or an
     Indo-European (Celtic) God.

     The word "luchd" (folks, company, and\or people) [is]
     "used instead of fir, when the reference may be to
     women as well as to men."  "Neach" is used when the
     reference may be to an individual woman as well as an
     individual man (Dwelly, 1994, pp. 605 and 686).  The
     ancient names "Fir Bholg" and "Firbolg" indicate that
     separate prefixes for men and women were frequently
     used in earlier times.

     Some very limited examples of earlier, non-sexist
     forms that can be used in modern Gaidhealach
     languages are (see above):

          a Scotsman        = fear-Albannach

          Scotsmen          = fir-Albannach

          a Scotswoman      = bean-Albannach
                            = mna-Albannach

          Scotswomen        = ban-Albannach
                            = mnai-Albannach

          a Scottish person = neach-Albannach

          Scottish people   = luchd-Albannach


     The words for man and woman and their plurals, have a
     great many variations in spelling and pronunciation,
     depending upon the different grammatical cases, in the
     Gaidhealach languages.  (Dwelly, 1994, pp. 82 and 422)
     The above words can be used when speaking and\or
     writing in the English language, with little
     confusion.  But, would be incorrect in the Gaidhealach
     languages without considering the different cases such
     as the nominative and the dative.  So don't, until you
     know what you're doing (see below).

The aims of Na Fineachan Gaidhealach (The Kindred Gaelic) also include cultivating and helping to rescue from oblivion the Gaidhealach languages themselves and their antecendants - including but not limited to:

                      Scytho-Sarmatian (Old Ossetic)
                      (Gardiner, 2007, pp. 84 and 86
                      and Spindler, 1994, pp. 46,
                      168-170, 172, 173, and 271)

                    Common Celtic (Proto-Celtic and\or
                    Pictish) 2,000 B.C.E.- Dwelly

                      Q-Celtic - P-Celtic and\or
                      F-Celtic - V (BH)-Celtic

                      Hamito-Semitic (Afro-Asiatic)
                      (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10
                      Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 2,
                      Appendix Page 1 Where Did They
                      Come From and What Happened to
                      Them?) and Cohane, 1970,
                      p.19)

                     Cuimrig (Brythonic and\or Welsh)

                                     Goidelic unknown - unknown

                                     Oghum 300 C.E.-500 C.E.

                                     Saint Patrick's lost century
                                     - forgotten March 15 of every
                                     - year or is it April 17?  We
                                     - can't remember.

     Old Gaelic (Old Irish)          Old Irish 600 C.E.-900 C.E.
          
     Middle Gaelic (Middle Irish)    Middle Irish 900 C.E.-1,200 C.E.

                          Classical Modern Irish
                          1,200 C.E. -1,600 C.E.

     Modern Gaelic (Gaidhlig)        New Irish (Gaedhilge,
     1,600 C.E. - to the present     Gaeilge, Modern Irish,
                                     Erse and\or Irish)
                                     1,600 C.E. - to the present

     (Languages of the World.  THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA,
     2003, vol. ?, pp. 573, 582, 594, 667, 722, and 783,
     Macropaedia)

and the legends, literature - including but not limited to

     Oghum                       |    Medieval Irish
                                 |    Literature Period
     Early Irish                 |
     Literature Period           |         - Late Middle
                                 |           Irish
         - Archaic Irish         |
                                 |         - Classical
         - Old Irish             |           Modern Irish
                                 |
         - Early Middle Irish    |    Late Irish Literature
                                 |    Period (dialects)

                 Irish (Gaedhilge and\or Gaeilge)
                 Revival Literature Period

                    Albannach Gaelic (Gaidhlig)

     (Celtic Literature.  THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA,
     2003, vol. 3, p. 17, Micropaedia and vol. 15, p. 594,
     Macropaedia)

scripts, drawings, designs, traditions, tattoes (Spindler, 1994, p. 167), clothing, culture, customs, manuscripts , maps, music, alphabets, art, oghams, inscriptions, images, prose, paintings, pictures, and poetry of the luchd-Albannach and luchd-Eireannach including, but not limited to



     Scotti = ..."the word `Scota' (the [Egyptian] Pharaoh's
              daughter), which we find is not a person's
              name at all, but is indeed a Greek word,
              meaning `shadow,' `secrecy,' `darkness' and
              `obscurity.'  The great stone (Lia Faileas
              and\or Lia Fail), we recall, was described as
              being round and hollowed, so it should come as
              no surprise to us to learn that the word
              `Scota' is an archaic architectural term which
              was used to describe a sunken moulding, or a
              hollow, so called from the dark shadow it
              casts.  In other words, our Lia Faileas."

              "Scota, the daughter of an Egyptian Pharaoh;
              both cautiously identified by Egyptologist
              Lorraine Evans in her book "Kingdom of the
              Ark" as Princess Meritaten and her father,
              Pharaoh Akhenaten."

              "Scota is supposed to have fled Egypt with her
              Greek husband Gathelos (Goidel-os), or
              Gaidelon, and his followers sometime around
              1,335 B.C.E. following a rebellion in which
              Akhenaten was overthrown by Horemheb, the army
              commander."

              "Some intriguing evidence of an Egyptian
              contact and influence during this period does
              appear to have been found in Tara, Ireland...
              Bronze Age inhumation...with a bronze age
              dagger and pin,and wearing a necklace of
              Egyptian `Faience' beads.  These beads, a
              type of ceramic, were found to be of genuine
              Egyptian origin and were quite unknown in
              Northern Europe.  The skeleton was carbon
              dated to c. 1,350 B.C."

              "The Ancient Egyptians believed that a human
              being consisted of five separate parts or
              elements (dail = portions)...The shadow of
              the body was considered an important and
              integral part of an individual and its name,
              according to Egyptologists, was the `shut'
              ...In the Celtic languages we have [Cuimrig]
              `ysgod,' [Goidelic] `sgath' and Cornish
              `scod'...and we are already aware of the
              Greek word `scota.'  Could our word `Scota'
              have developed, perhaps via Greek, from a
              metamorphosed form of the Egyptian word
              `Shut,' the `spiritual shadow' of a person?
              It's not impossible.  We cannot be sure at
              this distance in time just how the ancient
              Egyptians pronounced many of their words.
              They may have pronounced the SH in the word
              `shut' with a quite discernible gutteral
              sound.  A bit like Schut (CH as in loch) or
              Schot.  Indeed, the Sasunach (English) word
              `shade' was itself originally written
              `sceadu.'

              "The Gaelic words, Lia Faileas and\or Lia
              Fail and the Greek word Scota or Scotia
              mean the same thing in the end...
              (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008,
              paragraphs 8, 10, 12, 18, 19, and 21,
              Appendix II Page 2 The Stone of Destiny)"

              The Dal Riatach from Eueriio who settled
              in Argylshire [Earra:  Boundary, Limit,
              End, and\or Extremity] -gyll:  [Gaidheil:
              Boundary of gaidheil -shire; a pre-Lady
              Thatcher admninistrative unit) and gave
              Scotland its name were called Scots.


     Taezali (Taidh or Tighe
     [House and\or Multitude]

          "The tribes of the Medes [who were
          Indo-Europeans] were called "BIT" so-and-so,
          meaning house of so-and-so, like the Semitic
          habit ("Beth," "Beit")...The Society of Jerusalem
          was a feudal class system based on aristocracies
          called "houses" of princes and nobles, rulers and
          elders.  The Persian governor [who was
          Indo-European] was the top official but then came
          the priestly houses"...(Magee, August 2007,
          paragraphs 29 and 58, How Persia Created Judaism
          I (1.  How Persia Created Judaism, Jewish
          Mythology.  AskWhy! Publications).  Evidence such
          as this and the maps of Ptolemaeus, make it
          highly unlikely that other than Phoenician
          (Fineachan, Venicones, Finn), remnants of any
          other pre-Celtic and\or non-Indo-European
          languages, including Neanderthal can be found in
          the language of the Picts.

          The "z" in the Latin alphabet represents the "gh"
          sound [Bain, 1984, p. 238] and has a separate
          character in the Oghum alphabet (-ghaidheil =
          Goidil; one of the three names that the Irish
          called themselves (Squire, 2001, p. 120).  -i
          [of, the suffix i in Celtic indicated the
          genitive case possessive].  (Celtic Language, THE
          NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 2003, vol. 3, p.
          17, Micropaedia)] = House-of-Goidel (Gaidheil) or
          Multitude-of-Goidel (Gaidheil).
     
          A house of course, is always related to a place;
          even a mobile-home has license plates from a
          certain place and the owner of the mobile-home
          has a drivers' license from a place.  Clanns and
          tribes (confederations of Clanns) in Pretan were
          always related to a place and if there's any
          justice for the Irish, the British government
          will return the Lowlands - maybe a United
          Scottish Lowands and Northern Ireland or at least
          allow a Gaedhilge elective in grammar school.
          Since the Iron Lady is out of office, there might
          be a chance - a snowball's chance in Hell, that
          this could happen.

          Sinn Fein and Gerry Adams would find this, time
          better spent, than agitpropping the rights of
          their enslaved Spanish Basque cousins who are
          forced to work in naked and unshod in total
          darkness, in deep underground mines, digging
          golden nuggets out of the rock with their bare
          hands and then carrying both dirt and gold in
          leather bags up notched wooden posts to the
          surface of the ground where the High (Ard) Righ
          (King) of Spain sits on his throne (Lia Faileas,
          Lia Fail, and\or Scota), weighing each bit of
          ore.  Time better spent - than trying to
          enlighten Columbian jungle-bunnies by showing
          them the most current techniques of debate.

          Jerry, for gods' sake, Sinn means "Us" and\or
          "We."  Sinn Fein is a prepositional pronoun and
          is the emphatic of Sinn - meaning the Irish.
          Emphatic doesn't mean "Looney" and Sinn Fein
          doesn't mean you and I and they and thou and
          Etruscans and Incas and everyone else, including
          the Man in the Moon.  Where does it stop?  Why
          not Galatia (Turkey) and Galicia (more of Spain)
          or are you refering to Poland?.  Then what?
          Porpoises and hugging trees?  Why doesn't the
          whole world join hands next May Day and sing
          Kum-bah-yah in Chinese?  Enough!  Step away
          from the World Atlas, open a Guinness, and chill
          out - do it, do it now.


     Vacomagi

          (Fa and\or Fabh [Thick]-choill [wood]:  Full of
          woods; -mag and\or -magh [level country, field,
          field of battle, field that can be ploughed,
          arable land, arable field, very broad ridge of
          land]) -i [of] = [tribe] [of] field of
          Thick-woods.

          The F and V sounds were interchangeable in the
          Celtic languages.  [Cohane, 1970, p. 78]  The use
          of F in place of V and vice versa, may indicate
          differences in dialect between Alba and Ulster
          [Ulaidh] or between Q-Celtic and P-Celtic.  It may
          also be a peculiarity of the Greek language
          spoken by Ptolemaeus on who's map of Alba the
          Votadini are shown.  According to the THE NEW
          ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th edition, 2003
          ("European Religions, Ancient," vol. 18, p. 766,
          Macropaedia), "[Julius] Caesar makes no mention
          of a Gaulish [god named] Vulcan though insular
          [the British Isles] sources reveal that there was
          one and that he enjoyed high status.  His name in
          [Gaeilge], Goibhniu, and [Cuimrig], Gofannon,
          derived from the Celtic word for smith
          ["gobhainn" in Gaidhlig]."

          The "bh" consonant combination in Gaedhilge and
          Gaidhlig is pronounced as a "v" or "w" sound or
          is silent.  The "v" sound in Celtic, later
          softened into an "f" sound in many cases.

          Whatever the case may be, this interchangability
          of f and v is evident in many sources, such as
          the Oghum alphabet and early British history [for
          example, in the Gaidhlig form of the Clann names:
          MacDuff (MacDhuibh = Son of Duff), MacFie (Mac
          Dubh-shithe = Son of Fie), and\or MacPhie (Mac
          Dubh-shithe = Son of Phie); the "bh" in these
          examples, represents an original v sound], as
          well as in Roman records.  It should be kept in
          mind that in Celtic grammar, the "b" sound in
          some words is aspirated and pronounced as a "v"
          sound and spelled "bh," in different cases that
          include the feminine case, the masculine case,
          the genitive case, and the dative case, to name a
          few.


     Votadini

          (Vota = Fodha [Under] or Fod [Science] and\or
          Fodh [Knowledge] -dini = daoine [people]) =
          people-of-Knowledge and\or Dwarf-people
          (Fo-dhuine) (Squire, 2001, pp. 19, 21, and 231,
          O'Flynn, BOOK OF BALLYMOTE, about 1400 C.E.).
          The Irish.


     Vennicnii

          (Bheanachan, Vinneachan, Fineachan, Phoenician
          [Families, Soldiers, Surnames, Nations, Heathans,
          Tribes, Clanns, Gentiles, and\or Kindred]; a
          vowel was originally pronounced between the "c"
          and the "n" ("The combination of lingual
          consonants with labials and also g and ch is
          noted in that they interpolate an added vowel
          sound between them and one generally
          correspondent to the preceding vowel.  Thus, the
          combinations lb, lch, lg, lm, lp, and so on,
          interpolate this distinct drawl vowel between
          them.  Falbh (faluv); Alba (Alabu); tilg
          [tchilik] etc."  (MacLaren, 1998, p. 15); -neach
          and\or -neachd = tribes and\or people of the
          Kindred = Finn (The Fianna-Eirinn of Gaidhealach
          legend.  (Squire, 2001, p. 203).

          The word Bean (Woman) is sometimes aspirated and
          pronounced Ven.  It is the root of the tribal
          names:  Phoenician, Vennicnii, Venicones, the
          Irish heroes known as:  Feinn, Feinne, Fingalian,
          Fiann (Giant and\or Warrior), Fianntan
          (Champions), Fianna, Fianna-Eireann, Fianntaidh
          (Hero and\or Giant), Fionn, and Fionnaidh, and a
          Dwarf of theirs:  Fianntachan.  It's also the
          root of one of the three names that the Irish
          called themselves:  Finn (Squire, 2001, p. 120)
          as well as fine and fineachan.

                    Bean = Female, She-goat, Nimble,
                           Quick, Active, Woman, Wife
                    ---------------------------------

                                 Definite
                                 --------
                        Singular           Plural
                        --------           ------
          Dative        (do)'n mhnaoi      (do)na mnathaibh
          Nominative    a' bhean           na mnathan
          Genetive      na mna             nam ban
          Vocative      ris a' mhnaoi      ris na mhathaibh

                                Indefinite
                                ----------
          Dative        mnaoi              mnathaibh
          Nominative    bean               mnathan and\or
                                           mnai
          Genetive      mna                bhan
          Vocative      a bhean!           a mhnathan!

          (Dwelly, 1994, p. 82)

          note:  "bh is pronounced as "v," "mh" is
                 pronounced as "v," "mhn" as "vr,"
                 and "mn" as "mr."

          Not all "v" and\or "f" sounds represent an
          original "b," however.  Fod, Fodh, Fodha, and
          Vota may not represent words that originally
          started with a "b" sound.


     Venicones (Bheanachan, Vineachan,
     Vennicnii, and\orFineachan)

          Finn = Bhan, Bhean, Ban, and Bean - abbreviation
                 of Fine-achan and Phoenician; one of the
                 three names for the Irish and they were
                 the Fianna-Eirinn of Gaidhealach history;
                 Squire, 2001, p. 203).


     Vennicnii
     and Taezali = Na Fineachan Gaidhealach (The Clanns of
                   Gaeldom and\or The Gathering of the
                   Clanns) = The Irish and\or the
                   Albainnich of today.

and Proto-Gaidhealach people - including, but not limited to


     Bolgi = Bol:  Skill, Art, and\or Poet; Bal:  the Sun;
             Ball:  Member of a society; and\or Balg:  Man
             of Learning; -gi:  goidil and\or gaoil (family
             and\or kindred) = Man of learning and\or
             Member of Goidel = the Irish.

     Builg = Buil:  Men of Learning or Members of -g:
             Goidel = the Irish.

     Belgae = Beall:  Bel and\or Belus, a Hamito-Semitic
              (Afro-Asiatic) sun god; Beoll:  fire,
              glowing fire, and\or ember; -gae:  goidel
              and\or gaoil (family and\or kindred) =
              Goidel of [the] Sun.  Also, associated
              with the ancient inhabitants of the area
              of present-day Belgium.
                                                                   
     Fir Bholg = Fir:  Men; Bhol = Skill, Art,
               and\or Poet and\or Male members of; -g:
               Goidel = the Irish.

     Firbolg = Men of the Men of learning and\or Male
               members of; -g:  Goidel = The Irish.

     Lugi (Lugh, Lugus, and\or Lucifer) = of Lug.  "According to
          Caesar the god most honoured by the Gauls was
          "Mercury,"...His Celtic name is not explicitly stated
          [by Caesar], but it is clearly implied in the
          place-name Lugudunon ("the fort or dwelling of the god
          Lugus"); Laons, Leyden, and Lyons (Squire, 2001, pp.
          276 and 277)...The [Gaeilge] and [Cuimrig] cognates of
          Lugus are Lugh and Lleu, respectively, and the
          traditions concerning these figures mesh neatly with
          those of the Gaulish god."  Because Lugh was the most
          honoured of all the gods, "possessed of many talents"
          (which apparently, did not include an understanding of
          the feminine mind of the "Women of Slaughter" -  see
          below) "the devine exemplar of sacral kingship," and
          the god of sovereignty (European Religions, Ancient,
          THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th ed., 2003, vol.
          18, p. 765, Macropaedia), naming the Irish religious
          confraternity class after him makes sense.  The Lugi
          were one of the three powerful classes of Celtic
          society - the religeous
          = Clann MacKay (Mhic and\or Mac -Hugh, -Heth, -Aodh
          (-Fire), -Aoidh (-Stranger, -Skilful person, -Hero,
          -Traveller, and\or -Guest), -Aed, and\or -Eth).

          The existence of the Lugdach in 800 C.E. in the area
          previously occupied by the Vennicnii in Donegal in
          Western Ulaidh, the existence of Clann MacKay in the
          area previously occupied by the Lugi, the "Gaelic [of
          Clann MacKay having] been closer to that of Southern
          [Eueriio] than to the Scottish version...the
          patronymic [of] Clann [MacKay] "Aodh" being an
          attribute of the god Lug, all indicate that the
          Western and North Highlands were settled by the
          Cruithin from Eueriio.  When the Lugi switched to
          Christianity and were no longer allowed to use the
          name of the god Lugh, they used an attribute of his:
          Aodh (fire) and\or Aoidh (Skilful person, etc.), hence
          the Clann name:  MacKay.  That Clann Mackay spoke the
          Gaelic of Southern Eueriio, before the English made
          them stop, is not unusual.

          "Max Muller has shown that the texts of the Vedas
          [which are Indo-European] have been handed down orally
          for a period of more than 2,000 years, with such
          exactitude that there can hardly be found a doubtful
          accent anywhere in them."  (La ciencia de la religion,
          Ed. Albatros, 1945; Girard, 1979, p. 15)

          "Interestingly, the Gaelic languages of Scotland and
          Ireland are mutually understandable to some greater or
          lesser degree, with Donegal Irish Gaelic distinctly
          closer to Scottish Gaelic.  A little study shows the
          huge overlap clearly."  (McCooey, January\February
          2008, p. 45)  The Fianna-Eirinn from all over Ulaid
          gathered in Donegal during the 2nd Century C.E. before
          sailing to Alba to have a go at the Roman legions.
          All religious confraternities every where at all times
          have been very conservative.  Furthermore, Southern
          Eueriio has always been more civilized (not always a
          good thing, especially if you're on the receiving end)
          than Ulaidh and the pre-Christian patriarchal Celtic
          religion with Lugh developing into a Monotheistic
          diety would have spread from the South into the
          matriarchal Ulaidh and Alba.  So, the descendants of
          the old religious confraternity (Clann MacKay) would
          have tended to retain more of their old ways,
          including language, while other members of their
          society next to them would have adopted newer ways,
          including language (not always a good thing).

     Fidach = Fiadhach and\or Fiadhaidh:  Fierce, Savage,
              Untamed, and\or Wild; Caledones, Caledonii
              and\or Coille Daoine; Braigheach
              (Highlander), Brothaigh, Brideach (Dwarf),
              and\or Bride (Bridget and\or Brighid)
              = Clann Brodie.

     Smertae (Smear, Smeur, and\or Smiuir [Smear] -ta and\or
     -te)

          Smear, Smeur, Smiar, Smior, Smeur-dubh (-du,
          -dubh, and\or duibh [black, blackness, blacken,
          blot out, land, lean (as of flesh), stain, sable
          (as in heraldry), sad, habitation, dark,
          dark-haired, darken, darkness, disastrous,
          condemn, country, mournful, great, ink, place of
          abode, pupil of the eye, and\or wicked]), Smiur,
          and\or Smiuir-ta [Blackberry, Brambleberry,
          Smear, Mulberry, and\or Anoint]

          Smir and\or Smior [Best part of anything,
          Strength, Spirit, Heroes, Courage, Marrow,
          Mettle, Power, Pith, Vigour, and\or Vivacity]

          -ta:  indicates the past participle

          -taidh:  multitude

          -te:  female, woman, used of any object and\or
                thing of the female gender

          -tighe:  house

          = Female-heroes.  Alba was doomed when Christians
            banned women and the Boy Troop from combat when
            Righ (King) Brude Mac Derili ratified the Law of
            Innocents of Saint Adamnan in about 700 C.E.
            (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008,
            number 50, BIOGRAPHIES OF THE KINGS PAGE 5).
            Before being outlawed, the Smertae, along with
            Clann MacKay and Clann Gunn and\or Gunnr (War)
            became part of the confederation of tribes
            named Cat (Cath) in the Pictish province of the
            same name, which included most of the Western
            and North Highlands:

          -cath and\or caith:  battle, fight, struggle,
           strive, carry on war, contest, and\or contend

          The Smertae were part of one of the three
          powerful classes of Celtic society - the warrior.
          Because Clann MacKay was another of the three
          powerful classes of Celtic Society, in the same
          area that was almost inaccessable to people who
          didn't walk, until the English brought us roads,
          and existing records show that Clann MacKay is
          from Southern Eriu, the Smertae are without a
          doubt, the Banba (Women of slaughter), also from
          Eriu and were the ultimate warriors.  Not so?

          "As was common in barbarian [free and\or
          pre-Christian] society, women were as
          likely as men to be warriors.  A medieval
          account of the period relates:

          "Now Ronait (Ronadh and\or Ronnadh [Staff
          and\or Club]:  the Roman Catholilc Church
          stretched the truth a wee bit inventing
          this "morality tale"), Saint Adomnan's
          mother, saw a woman with an iron reaping
          hook in her hand, dragging another woman
          out of the enemy host with a hook
          fastened in one of her breasts.  For men
          and women were equally to battle at that
          time (about 700 C.E.)."  During the Roman
          occupation of Southern Breathunn, the
          Fianna-Eireann (Venicones, Taezali,
          and\or Maeatae) and the Coille-Daoine in
          battle, broke down the practically solid
          wall of Roman legionare shields by
          tossing tabars on them while the Smiorte
          pulled down the "Roman Wall" by yanking
          legionaires through it with their
          reaping hooks on the end of chains.

          The Picts had come a long way since
          Queen [Ban-righ and\or Ban-righinn]
          Boadicea's [Buidhe (Beautiful, Beauty,
          Lilly, Linnet, Fair, Handsome,
          Handsomeness, Daisy, Creaping crowfoot,
          Comely, Cow of a yellowish colour,
          Goldfinch, Golden, Any small bird of a
          yellowish colour, Any yellow flower,
          Elegance, Pretty, Yellow, and\or Yellow
          seaweed)] Revolt and the battle of Mons
          Graupius, whereat the Britons used long
          bronze swords that had a tendency to
          bend."

          "Perhaps women in Rome would have
          submitted to this [the rape of her two
          daughters by Roman legionaires and the
          whipping of herself], but [Ban-righ
          and\or Ban-righinn] Queen Boadicea did
          not.  Instead she mounted her war
          chariot and led both the Iceni and the
          nearby Trinovantes [Treun = Strong; -van
          = women; -taidh =  multitude] against
          the iron legions."

          "Dio Cassius described the Celtic queen:
          "She was huge of frame, terrifying of
          aspect, and with a harsh voice.  A great
          mass of bright red hair fell to her
          knees; she wore a great twisted
          necklace ("torc" [monarch's necklace])
          and a tunic (leine) of many colours
          ("tartan" which the English outlawed
          when they conquered Scotland), over
          which was a thick mantle ("brat" which
          the English outlawed when they
          conquered Ireland), fastened by a
          brooch (braist).  Now she grasped a
          long spear, to strike fear into all
          who watched her..."

          "Speaking of the continental Gauls, a
          Roman writer said:

          "A whole band of foreigners would not
          be able to withstand a single Gaul if
          he called his wife to his assistance,
          who is usually very strong, and with
          blue eyes; especially when, swelling
          her neck, gnashing her teeth, and
          brandishing her sallow arms of
          enormous size, she begins to strike
          blows mingled with kicks."

          "Although removed from the forefront of
          battle, women maintained their equality
          in Scotland.  In the 17th century C.E.
          women led the riots against the
          imposition of Episcopalianism in the
          Presbyterian southwest.  In the 19th
          century, women armed with stone filled
          stockings battled against police and
          Royal Marines during the Clearances
          and Crofting disturbances."

          (Archibald, March\April 1996, pp. 20,
          22, and 26)

          "Maybe more significant was the
          presence of a crowd of serving women
          (at the Kirk of Saint (St.) Giles square
          in the center of Edinburgh's High
          Street)."

          "Perhaps they had been hired to keep a
          place for the nobility;  perhaps they
          had been paid for a more sinister
          purpose; or perhaps they were ordinary
          church-goers, angry with events.
          Whatever their motive, these women were
          to stir the conscience of a nation,
          help create a dynamic kirk and,
          incidently, cost a king a crown and his
          head [there seems to be a connection
          between severed heads and women]."

          "When the dean rose to read from the
          prayer book, it was the women who led
          the protests.  "Traitors, belly gods
          and deceivers!"  they yelled.  When a
          gentleman mumbled a quiet amen to the
          dean's prayer, a woman turned on him.
          "Traitor!"  she shrieked.  Dost thou
          say mass in my Lug?"  She whacked him
          in the face with her Bible.  The dean
          was attacked and his white surplice
          ripped from him as the women threw
          their Bibles."

          "The disturbance rose to a riot.
          "Deile colic the wame o' ye!"
          shouted one woman.  As the Bishop of
          Edinburgh spoke from the pulpit,
          another cried, "Pull him down!  Stone
          him!"  Eventually, soldiers thrust the
          rioters from the kirk, but they
          remained outside, hammering at the
          great doors and hurling stones at the
          windows until the bishop left, to be
          chased and stoned by the mob."

          "The St. Giles riot was not an
          isolated incident.  Clergymen
          throughout Edinburgh were heckled and
          pursued by angry women, and that
          evening the bishop was again stoned.
          This was no spontaneous outburst but
          a well-organized expression of public
          feeling."

          "In a fleet of requisitioned colliers,
          [The Marquis of] Hamiliton's planned
          sail north was stalled by the
          discomfiture of [The Marquis of]
          Huntly.  Instead, he tried the Forth,
          but this was worse.  Those formidable
          women of Edinburgh had been at it
          again, building a defensive wall
          around the town and the port of Leith,
          which also had a boom."

          "When Hamilton entered the Firth
          [sic], the beacon fires were flaring
          from Fife Ness to the Queensferry.
          Not only that, but a lady marchioness
          was riding at the head of her troops,
          fully armed with pistol and carbine
          and threatening to personally shoot
          Hamilton if he landed.  That must
          have been particularly discouraging
          to Hamilton...because the lady was
          his own mother!"

          (Archibald, March/April, 2008, pp.
          35, 36, and 38)

     Just ask Cu-chulainn, Righ Conchobar Mac Ni-Asa, the Red
     Branch, and the Fianna.  The female warriors of the TAIN
     BO CHUAILGNE and\or TAIN BO CUALNGE who trained
     Cu-Chulainn and the other warriors of Ulaidh were located
     in the North Highlands of the Cruithin-tuath, the Pictish
     province of Cat [War], which included Sloc-Buidhe (the Isle
     of Skye).

     Dal nAraide = Dal and\or Dail:  Share, Tribe, and\or
                   Portion;  n:  inserted for the smooth flow
                   of speech; Ar:  Battle, Land, Field of
                   Battle, Slaughter, Till, Tillage, Cultivate,
                   Agriculture, Earth, Plough, and\or Ploughing;
                   Arad:  Brave and\or Strong; Araidh:  Hero,
                   Proper, and\or Worthy; rath:  fortress;
                   raidh:  threaten, menace, and\or rank of
                   soldiers; and\or raith:  threaten = Tribe of
                   Heroes.

     Decantae

          -Deagh [Good, Excellent and\or Worthy.  It
           "always precedes its noun, which it aspirates.
           It never predicates of its noun"...Dwelly,
           1994, p. 315] -cheann ["Head," "Top," "Chief,"
           and\or "Extremity"]

          -cheann-tighe:  house-chief and\or chieftain
           ("Chieftain is a strictly territorial title,
           always related to `place'...(Johnson and Bacon,
           1981, p. 22)

          = Royal-chieftain.  The Royalty of the
            Cruithin-tuath.  The Decantae were one of the
            three powerful classes of Celtic society - the
            aristocratic.  The Pictish (Irish) province of
            Cat (Battle) where the Decantae were located,
            received its name in honour of the fighting
            spirit of the Cruithin and of course, Royalty
            in the British Isles are and have always been
            warriors.

            Clann Gunnr (War in Norwegian) and\or Gunn are
            the Decantae and are also the Royal House of
            the Pictish province of Cat.  When the Vikings
            overran the North Highlands, Clann Gunn (or
            Cat) led the stay-behind team that fought the
            Vikings to a stand-still.  Unfortunately, Clann
            Gunnr (or Cat) didn't write the history books.
            The Anglo-Normans did.  They were bent on
            destroying the Celtic spirit (Freedom) in the
            British Isles and therefore, recognized the
            sovereignty of the Scandinavians in occupied
            Scotland.

            Don't confuse Clann Gunnr (the tribe of Cat
            and\or Cath of the Pictish province of Cat)
            with those Scots who dream about a return of
            the long-boats to Loch Ness, manned by the
            descendants of the Fair Maid of Norway - Team
            Margaret and who hold Viking-days (Scandinavian
            Days) every Oktober.  They're little different
            than the English today who dress up as Roman
            legionaires and turn their backs on their
            ancestors who stopped the Romans legions in the
            Black Forest.  Most of the modern Viking
            wannabees live in the Shetlands and don't
            present a threat to Celtic civilization.
            They're not connected with Clann Gunnr (in
            spite of its Norwegian name) and which is a
            broken clann that can't reclaim it's Celtic
            names.

     Caledones
     and\or Caledonii = Caile:  Shield, Strength, Sense,
                        Spear, and\or Assembly and\or Coille:
                        Forest, Grove, and\or Wood; -dhuine
                        and\or -daoine: people; Braigheach
                        (Highlanders), Brothaigh, Bridget,
                        Bride, Brideach (Dwarf), Brighid,
                        Brigantes, Fidach, Fiadhach and\or
                        Fiadhaidh; people of assembly
                        and\or people of [the] Woods
                        = Clann Brodie.

                        The "Q" sound at the beginning of the
                        names for the Quruithin of the Western
                        Highlands by that time, had changed
                        into a "C" sound (Caereni and Cerones).
                        This change is a feature of the
                        Q-Celtic of Eriu, not the P-Celtic of
                        enslaved Southern Prydein.  All things
                        considered, the Lowlands, the North
                        Highlands, the Western Highlands, and
                        part of the Southern Uplands, were
                        probably occupied by people from
                        Ireland at the time of Ptolemy - about
                        140 C.E.  Only Caledonia (the Central
                        Highlands) and possibly part of the
                        North Highlands (Ross-shire, a pre-Lady
                        Thatcher administrative unit) remained
                        free of the Irish.

     Cruithin-tuath = Cruithineachd:  wheat; -neachd:  tribe;
                      -tuath:  northern and\or north highland =
                      north-highland tribe of wheat.  Wheat
                      farmers in the Western Highlands including
                      the Caereni and the Cerones
                      = Clann MacKay and Clann Gunn.
                      Descendants of the Bronze Age
                      Hallstatt Celts who called themselves
                      Quruithin.  The Q sound was later
                      shortened to a hard C sound by speakers of
                      the Q-Celtic languages in some cases.

                      On the other hand, the later Iron Age La
                      Tene Celts (speakers of P-Celtic) in Gaul
                      (the area of present-day France), Southern
                      Britain (the area of present-day England),
                      Caledonia, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and
                      Wales, changed the Qu sound to a P sound.
                      (MacGregor, La-Ciadainn 9 Iuchar 2008,
                      paragraphs 8, 9, 10, 11, and 14, Celtic
                      Civilization & Languages and paragraph
                      1, The "Dalriadic Scots," The Origins of
                      the Irish Picts "Cruithne" (from the Gaelic
                      word for creator = "Cruithear"))

                      The speakers of Q-Celtic in Eueriio
                      sometimes changed the P sound at the
                      beginning of some words, to a C sound.
                      The Brigantes in Southestern Eueriio spoke
                      P-Celtic when they migrated from Britain
                      to Ireland.

     Caereni = Quruithini, Cruithin, and\or Cruithne = Tribe of
               Wheat.  Hallstatt Celts.

     Coranians = Quruithin, Caereni, Cerones and\or
                 Partholon in Cuimbrich = Dwarves.  Hallstatt
                 Celts.  (Squire, 2001, p. 377)

     Coriondi = Coranians (Dwarves; Squire, 2001, p. 377),
                Quruithini, Cruithin, Cruithne, and\or Partholon:
                Tribe of Wheat.  Hallstatt Celts.  In Gaeilge,
                the "P" sound with which some British words began
                and that represented an earlier "Q" sound, was
                changed to a "C" sound.  Considering that the
                Coriondi were in Southern Ireland and were not
                Goidelic, the connection between Clann Mackay
                and the language of Southern Ireland, and the
                Partholan being in the North Highlands, Clann
                Mackay is a direct descendant of the Coriondi.
                (Squire, 2001, pp. 385 and 386)

                "He [Bel-inus:  "Lightness", the brother of
                Brenn-ius and\or Bran:  "Darkness"] was
                succeeded by Gurgiunt Brabtruc [the Gargantua of
                Rabelais], who, as he was returning by way of
                the Orkneys [Arcaibh] from a raid on the Danes,
                met the ships of Partholon and his people [Clann
                Gunn and Clann MacKay] as they came from Spain
                to settle in Ireland.  The North Highlands are a
                long way from Tipperary.

     Cenel Lugdach = (Ceann-iuil [Guide, Leader of the way,
                     and\or Chieftain] Lugdach (the suffix -ach
                     indicates the genitive; for example, the
                     name MacDonald is also Donaldach (try not
                     to pronounce it like Donald Duck or at
                     least don't quack)) and\or Lugdoch [one's
                     native country] = Chieftain ("Chieftain is
                     a strictly territorial title, always
                     related to a place"... (Johnson and Bacon,
                     1981, p. 22) of Lug (the religious).  The
                     Lugdach were one of the three powerful
                     classes of Celtic society - the religious.

     Cerones = Quruithini, Cruithin, and\or Cruithne = Tribe of
               Wheat.  Hallstatt Celts.

     Quruithin = Cruithin and\or Cruithne.  Indo-Europeans.
                 The root of the words:  Breatunn, Breatuinn,
                 Britain, Erin, Erinn, Eriu, Eueriio, Eire,
                 Eireann, Eirin, Europe, Pretan, and Prydein.

     Menapii = unknown.  -nap- may represent neachd:  Tribe
               and\or tribe.

     Ui Bairrche = Ui:  From, Grandchildren of, and\or Out of;
                   Bairrche and\or Bairche:  Brave =
                   Grandchildren of [the] Brave.

     Ui Failge = Ui:  From, Grandchildren of, and\or Out of;
                 Fail:  Noble and\or King; -ge:  goidil and\or
                 gaoil:  family and\or kindred = Grandchildren
                 of kindred of a King.  Maybe The Royal Family
                 of Erinn.  An "i" is sometimes inserted into
                 words in order to indicate the plural =
                 Grandchildren of kindred of Kings (a royal
                 race)

     Ui Maic Cairthinn = Ui:  From, Grandchildren of,
                         and\or Out of.  Maic:  Sons;
                         Cairthin:  Cruithinn:
                         Grandchildren of Sons of Cruithin
                         = Clann Curtin.  This clann is a
                         direct descendant of the
                         Phoenicians in Eueriio and is
                         still in its original Irish
                         homeland.  Remarkable, considering
                         the Plantation of Ulaidh starting
                         in the 17th Century C.E.  They are
                         truly the Brodies of Eire.

                         The letters "ai" after the "C" in
                         Cairthinn, demonstrate that the
                         original spelling of Cruithin is
                         Quruithin.  Furthermore, the names of
                         two tribes in the Western Highlands:
                         Caereni and Cerones and in Eire, the
                         Coriondi too, are variations of
                         Quruithin, clearly demonstrating that
                         the original pronunciation is
                         Quruithinn.

     Ui Enechglaiss = unknown;  Ui:  Grandchildren of

These people of the British Isles (Prydein and Eueriio) and their descendants in Alba - the Gaidhealach Scots (the Albainnich ); in Eueriio - the Gaidhealach Irish (Finn, Scotti, Cruithin); and in America (Ameireagaidh); to acquire all and\or copies of all books, laser discs, scripts, drawings, designs, digital files, Digital Video Discs (DVD), tattoes, tapes, manuscripts and other papers, mini- and micro-discettes, alphabets, analogue files, audio and video cassettes, Compact Discs (CD), oghams, inscriptions, images, paintings, pictures, and other records and recordings bearing upon all of the literature, history , material interests, and antiquities of Alba , Eueriio , the Albannaich , the Eireannaich, and the Proto-Gaidhealach people; to vindicate the rights and character of the Gaidheil; and generally to further the interests of the Albannaich, the Eireannaich, and their descendants in Ameireagaidh.

The objectives of Na Fineachan Gaidhealach also include supporting and developing all aspects and periods of Gaidhlig , Gaedhilge; and Gaidhealach and pre-Gaidhealach heritage, history, clothing, culture, and art at local, national, regional, and international levels by:


     Promoting the study and development of all periods
     of Gaidhlig, Gaeilge, and Gaidhealach and
     pre-Gaidhealach literature, scripts, drama, drawings,
     designs, tattoes, clothing, music, alphabets, oghams,
     painting, poetry, pictures, and all other related art
     forms of the British Isles.

     Promoting the use of all periods of Gaidhlig and
     Gaeilge, and Gaidhealach and Proto-Gaidhealach
     clothing of the British Isles in everyday community
     life.

     Co-operating with all other organisations engaged in
     the provision of all periods of Gaidhlig, Gaeilge, and
     Common Celtic (Proto-Celtic); and Gaidhealach and
     Pre-Gaidhealach culture of the British Isles.

Na Fineachan Gaidhealach actively encourages the teaching, learning and use of Gaidhlig, Gaeilge, and Proto-Gaidhealach languages, Gaidhealach and Proto-Gaidhealach clothing, and the study and cultivation of Gaidhealach and Proto-Gaidhealach literature, scripts, history, drama, drawing, designs, tattoes, music, alphabets, art, oghams, painting, poetry, and pictures.

Membership is open to anyone sharing the above objectives and includes:


     24 hours a day, 7 days a week use of Na Fardach
     (House) Cinnidhean (Kindred) (The Kindred House) with
     the following included:

      1.  Bathing.

      2.  Laundry.

      3.  Long distance and local telephone service.

      4.  Facsimile (fax).

      5.  Hiking and camping support on the nearby public
          land.

      6.  Computer with broad-band internet access.

      7.  Cooking facilities (with an attendant on hand
          24 hours a day - 7 days a week to demonstrate
          turning the appliances on and off in case
          Clann Brodie shows up).

      8.  Gaidhealach and pre-Gaidhealach books.

      9.  Reading room.

     10.  Educational materials.

     11.  Outside yard with a fence for pets.

     12.  Excersize equipment, not just for Rowdy Roddy Piper.

The annual price of membership is:


     family      $100.00
     couple      $ 50.00
     individual  $ 30.00



The Tribes. Pictish Area


________________________________________________________________

Ptolemy's Eueriio, copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Dennis Walsh



The Vennicnii [Fineachan, Finn, and\or Fianna-Eirinn] on the Northwest coast of Ulaidh were probably "The Gathering of the Clanns" there that sent warriors to Alba to mix it up with the Supreme-All-Conquering-Always-Victorious Romans when the legions marched North to build the Antonnine Wall. The disappearance of the Vennicnii and the lack of any record of their descendants by that name, at an early period in Eireannach history, along with the presence of the Goidil in Alba during the second century C.E., when there's not supposed to have been any Goidil in Alba at that time, indicate that the Fianna-Eirinn dispersed soon after the Roman challenge had been met; not to gather again in Ulaidh until the Maeatae - Roman war of 209 - 211, when they built and held the Black Dykes around Ulaidh. Obviously, there's more to the Vennicnii than meets the eye.

The Irish called the people of the Western Highlands: " Cruithin-tuath ." (Dwelly, 1994, pp. 282 and 978). The Irish called themselves: "Finn," "Scot," and\or "Goidel" (Squire, 2001, p. 120) Considering that the Coille Daoine (Caledonians) may have been led by someone designated as a Goidel at the battle of Mons Graupius and the additional distinction drawn between the Highlanders of the Central Highlands (Caledonia) and the Gaidheil, by the bad connotations of the word Goid and its variations in Dwelly's dictionary (for example: "goid" and its varitations, meaning: slipping away cautiously, stolen goods, steal, stealth, sneak, theft, creeping, and inclined to pilfer), the Coille Daoine were not Gaidhealach by any stretch of the imagination. They probably spoke Brythonic or Common Celtic (Proto-Celtic). The land of the Cruithin-tuath (later the Pictish province of Cat (battle, fight, and war) may have been the place of refuge to where the Coille Daoine removed their children and wives.

By 140 C.E., there seems to have been four confederations in Northern Alba.


     1.  Na Fineachan Gaidhealach = Finn (Venicones) and
         Goidil (Tazali), also called Fianna-Eirinn,
         Maeatae, Na Neachdainn, and later Picts and\or
         Southern Picts - Clann Graham and Clann Kennedy in
         and around the Lowlands:  the Irish.

     2.  The Kingdom of the Dal Riatach in Earra-gaidheil
         which was known as the Epidii:  the Irish.

     3.  The kingdom of the Cruithin-tuath = Lugi (Clann
         MacKay), Smertae (Smior-te = female heroes, the
         Ban-ba = Women of Slaughter), and
         Deagh-Ceann-tighe (Royal Chieftain - Clann Gunn)
         in most of the Western and the North Highlands,
         that included the Caereni and the Cerones:  the
         Irish.

     4.  the Coille Daoine (Caledonii) = the Cuimbrich) - Clann
         Brodie in the Central Highlands and the area of
         modern-day Ross-shire (a pre-Lady Thatcher
         administrative unit):  The Welsh.


Because the Roman Army was in Caledonia, Breathnaich (Cuimbrich) refugees, including Royalty, who refused to submit to the Roman Empire, had to have been there, too and Tacitus refers to the Coille Daoine (Caledonii) as Breathnaich refugees. Ban-righ (Queen) Boadicia and her daughters, of the Iceni, may have escaped London. The Coille Daoine were a confederation predominately of Breathnaich from the South. The description of the Caledonii (Coille Daoine):


     1.  [Roman] writers - of Tacitus (AGRICOLA, chap. xi), who
         tells us that the `Caledonians' of the North differed
         from the Southern [Breathnaich] in being larger limbed
         and redder-haired,

     2.  and of Strabo (GEOGRAPHICA, Book iv, chap. v), who
         described the tribes in the interior of Breathunn as
         taller than the Gaulish (Gaidhealach) colonists on the
         coast, with hair less yellow and limbs more loosely
         knit.

     3.  ...Gaul was divided into three parts, one of which was
         inhabited by the Belgae, another by the Aquitani, and
         the third by those who called themselves Celtae, but
         were termed Galli [Gauls, Goidels, and\or Gaidheil] by
         the Romans; and that they all differed from one
         another in language, customs, and laws.  Of these,
         Professor Rhys identifies the Belgae with the
         [Breathnaich], and the Celtae with the Goidels, the
         third people, the Aquitani, being non-Celtic and
         non-Aryan [non-Indo-European in today's terminology],
         part of the great Hamitic-speaking Iberian stock
         (`Scottish Review,' [An Giblean], 1890)

     4.  Equally do the classic authorities agree in recognizing
         the `Silures' of South [Cuimridh] as an entirely
         different race from any other in Britain.  The dark
         complexions and curly hair of these Iberians
         [Hamito-Semites and\or Afro-Asians] seemed to Tacitus
         to prove them immigrants from Spain.

     (Squire, 2001, p. 22)

and the description of Ban-righ Boadicia, who was in Roman occupied Britain, are almost the same. The long bronze swords that the Caledonii used at the battle of Mons Graupius are the same as those that were used by the Celts in Southern Breathunn before they were conquered by the Romans - further confirmation that the Coille Daoine (Forest People) were a predominately Breathnach confederation.


     "For his part, Rab'inal Achi [Q'alel Achi (Man of Glory;
     equivalent to Feargus = Man-of-Strenth and\or
     Man-of-no-fear)] calls his captive "Kaweq K'eche Winaq,"
     "Cawek of the Forest People," which reveals that the
     social relationship between the two of them is an
     asymmetrical one.  Kaweq is the name of the
     first-ranking royal house of the K'iche' [the
     Quiche-nation], indicating that the captive is noble
     by birth [This is equivalent to King Bride of clann
     Brodie of the Northern Picts]...For much of their
     history, the lords of the [Rab'inal]were members of a
     confederation that was headed by the lords of the
     K'eche Winaq or "Forest People," more commonly known
     as the K'iche' (Quiche [Qiche] -nation)."  (Tedlock,
     2003, p. 176)

     Clann Chattan, which still exists, took its name from
     the earlier Pictish province of Cat which was also the
     name of the Pictish king who founded that province.
     The Pictish province of Cat was the earlier kingdom of
     the Cruithin-tuath.  Clann Chattan included many of the
     clanns in the former areas of the Cruithin-tuath, Cat,
     as well as clanns from Caledonia.

By 209 C.E., according to the Romans and later research, there were two confederations in Northern Alba:


     1.  The Cuimreach Coille Daoine (later called Northern
         Picts).

     2.  The Gaidhealach Maeatae (later called Southern
         Picts).

     "As for the meanning of "Forest People," that depends
     on who is using these words.  When members of the
     Quiche...used them to refer to themselves, they were
     were calling up the memory of their rise to greatness
     from humble origins in a great forest.  But when
     [Rab'inal Achi] uses the same words while speaking
     angrily to the man who is his opponent and will soon
     be his prisoner, and when Lord Five Thunder later uses
     them while describing the prisoner's behavior as that
     of an animal, they shift the meaning.  In everyday
     speech (as opposed to courtly poetry), "forest people"
     meant people who were foolish, rustic, and gross."
     (Tedlock, 2003, p. 176)

     When the Northern Picts (Brythonic) - who's capital
     was at Inbhir Nis - were united with the Southern
     Picts (Gaidhealach) - who's capital was at Sgain
     (Scone) in Southern Pictland - in 560 C.E., by Righ
     Brude Mac Maelchom (Mailcon and\or Maelgwn
     (White-stone), the famous Righ of Gwynedd in North
     (Cuimridh)), the Caledonii (Clann Brodie) were
     thereafter called Fidach (Savages).  This indicates an
     asymetrical relationship between the royal house of
     the Welsh Caledonii and the royal house of the
     Gaidhealach Southern Picts.  North Cuimridh was the
     land of the Brigantes - Braigheach (Highlanders),
     Brothaigh, Bridget, Bride, Brideach (Dwarf), Brighid -
     Clann Brodie's original home in the British Isles.

     A strange parallel is that of the Maya name or title:
     Lord Five Thunder and the Pictish kings:

          Tharain

          Drust Mac Irb

          Drust Gocinecht

          Drust Mac Gurum (Graham)

          Drust Mac Wd-rost (Fid-rost
          and\or Caledoni-rost)

          Drust Mac Gurum (Graham)

          Drust Mac Moneth

          Drust Mac Donnel

          Taran Mac Enti-fidich (Enti-fidach
          and\or Enti-Caledoni)

          Drust Mac Talorgen

          Drust Mac Talorgen

          Drust Mac Constantin

          Drust Mac Ferach

          (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, The
          List of the Kings of the Picts)

          "Tharain, it has been suggested, may be a
          corrupted form of the Gaelic word `dara,'as in
          `an dara aon' - the second one; but it is more
          likely to be cognate to a Gaulish (P-Celtic
          and\or F-Celtic) word meaning thunder."

          (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008,
          Biographies of the Kings Page 2, 2), Tharain)

          "W.A. Cummins, in his influential work, "The Age
          of the Picts," (1995) suggests that the name
          Drust or Drostan may be cognate with the Welsh
          name Tristan, from trysau, meaning thunder."

          (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008,
          Biographies of the Kings Pages 2 - 7, 24), Drust
          son of Irb, 27) - 37)  Inclusive, 47),
          52)- 57) Carnach son of Ferach, Oengus son of
          UUrguist [Fergus], Nechtan [Neachdainn] son of
          Derili, Oengus son of Brude, Alpin son of Engus,
          and Drust son of Talorgen, 64) and 65) Elpin son
          of Wroid and Drust son of Talorgen, 66)Talorgen
          son of Drustan, and 71), 72) Drust son of
          Constantin and Talorgen son of Wthoil, and 78)
          Drust son of Ferach.  Died circa 842 A.D.)


     "When K'eche is used instead of K'iche' [Quiche] in
     [16th] -century documents written in Quichean
     languages, it is nearly always followed by Winaq,
     specifying that the reference is to people; in
     contrast, most terms for nations (such as K'iche' and
     Rab'inal) do not require such modification.  That is
     probably because K'eche is shortened from
     "k'echela'j," an ordinary term for "forest," and
     K'eche Winaq is to be understood as "Forest People."
     In a context such as that of the Popol Vuh, written by
     Quiche authors, K'eche Winaq calls up a proud heritage
     of emergence into glory from the depths of a great
     forest (see D. Tedlock 1996:  pp. 150-162, 181).  But
     in the context of the [Rab'inal] play, where these
     same words name a prisoner of war, they may have
     called up the same meaning as "k'echela'j winaq,"
     which is "rustic, gross, foolish person" (FV, TC)."
     (Tedlock, 2004, p. 275)

     The word "Caledonii" (Coille Daoine) demonstrates an
     equivalence and shows that as a result of the revolt
     of Ban-righ Boadicia or the invasion of Albe, just
     before the battle of Mons Graupius in 83 C.E., a
     confederation of clanns and tribes formed in the
     Caledonian Forest, was somewhat democratic in nature
     and led by Brythonic families of the Brigantes.  After
     the patriarchal Irish Scots (Dail Riatach) dominated
     Alba in 843 C.E., this somewhat democratic society
     called themselves Clann Chattan (Clanns of Cat (War)
     included parts of the old Pictish province of Cat)
     rather than Savages (Fidach).  It's war-cry was
     "Unite" and is Clann Brodie's war-cry today.

     Brodie, Brude, Britain, Brighid, and their different
     forms, and earlier:  Pretan, Cruithne, Cruithin, and
     Quruithin, are variations of "Brigantes," a Hallstatt
     Celtic tribe from the source of the Danube river.  The
     Brigantes had also settled in Southeastern Eueriio by
     140 C.E.

          "Apart from the 79 Kings listed, the Pictish
          Chronicles also give a list of 28 kings
          (though they describe it as 30) called
          Brude, who supposedly reigned for a total
          period of 150 years:  (there's that 150
          again) their reigns followed Cruithne and
          his seven sons (the seven provinces of
          Pictland, including Fortrenn) and preceded
          King Gede (No. 1)."

          "If we take into account the realistic
          probability that the southern Picts spoke a
          form of P-Celtic similar to Old Welsh (while
          not forgetting the other learned arguments
          that have been put forward to the contrary),
          then it may be that these "Brudes" are
          simply a "P" form (hardened to a B) of the
          Irish and Gaelic word `Cruth' or `Cruithne,'
          meaning `of the Picts.'

          "The Irish text in the 14th century `Book of
          Ballymote' says, Bruide adberthea fri gach
          fir dib, randa na fear aile; ro gabsadar L.
          ar C. ut est illeabraibh na Cruithneach."

          "This translates as; "And Brude was the name
          of each man of them, and of the divisions of
          the other men.  They possessed an hundred
          and fifty years, as it is in the many books
          of the Cruithneach."

          "The implication is that everyone in
          Pictland was a `Brude' and indeed this, or
          something similar, may have been what the
          Picts originally called themselves.  As for
          those other kings called Brude in the main
          King List, like Brude the son of Bile (48),
          and Brude the son of UUrguist [Fergus] (59),
          they may simply have been named Brude
          [Brigante] in the same way that many [male]
          Scots of today are called `Scott.'

                  Brude List            King List
                  ----------            ---------

          Brude Pant   Brude Ur Pant
          Brude Leo    Brude Ur Leo     Morleo    (3)
          Brude Gant   Brude Ur Gant    Cantulmet (19)
          Brude Gnith  Brude Ur Gnith   Kineth    (76)
          Brude Fecir  Brude Ur Fecir
          Brude Cal    Brude Ur Cal     Galanan   (28)
          Brude Chit   Brude Ur Chit    Ciniod    (63)
          Brude Fec    Brude Ur Fec     Fiacha    (18)
          Brude Ru     Brude Ur Ru      Ru        (13)
          Brude Gart   Brude Ur Gart    Gartnait  (14)
          Brude Cinid  Brude Ur Cinid   Cinaed    (79)
          Brude Uip    Brude Ur Uip
          Brude Grid   Brude Ur Grid    Crautreic (10)
          Brude Mund   Brude Ur Mund    Moneth    (35)

          (Henderson, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008,
          Appendix Page 4, Appendix IV)

          Because the Brude kings ruled after Cruithne
          and his seven sons (the seven Pictish
          provinces) and before the Pictish kings, and
          the name Cruithne is equivalent to Prydain
          (Britain), probably the P-Celtic (F-Celtic)
          speaking Brigantes (Brudes) dominated North
          Alba, including the Western and North
          Highlands of the Cruthin-tuath, as well as
          the Central Highlands of the Coille Daoine
          (Caledonii), from before 83 C.E. until at
          least 209-211 C.E. when the Q-Celtic
          (V-Celtic) speaking Irish Fianna-Eirinn
          (Venicones-Taezali) established the kingdom
          of Maeatae or more than 100 years later,
          when the name Pict is first recorded.  Two
          of the names on the Brude list have the
          letter P in them and are missing from the
          later Pictish King List.

          If seven different names in the Brude List
          were paired with another of the remaining
          names, then there would be seven pairs of
          Brudes, rather than 14 separate names.
          The seven pairs may correspond to the seven
          provinces.  For example:


              ------------------------------------
              |Brude Mund (Brude Ur Mund); Moneth|
              |                                  |
              |                +                 |
              |                                  |
              |   Brude Fecir (Brude Ur Fecir)   |
              ------------------------------------
                      \                 /
                       \               /
                        \             /
                         \           /
                          \         /
                           \       /
                            \     /
                             \   /
                              \ /
              -----------------------------------
              | The Pictish Province of Circinn |
              -----------------------------------


          Moneth may be Monteith.  In 140 C.E. when
          Ptolemy recorded the names of the tribes,
          including the Caledonii confederation, in
          Alba, the Brythonic (P-Celtic) Coille
          Daoine may already have set up the seven
          (Brude) provinces.  When the Romans wiped
          out the Fianna-Eirinn (Maeatae) in Alba in
          209-211 C.E., the British tradition of the
          seven provinces was preserved and later
          incorporated into the Irish Pictish nation.

          "When the inhabitants of the island again
          revolted, he summoned the soldiers and
          ordered them to invade the rebels' country,
          killing everybody they met; and he quoted
          these words:  "Let no one escape sheer
          destruction, No one our hands, not even the
          babe in the womb of the mother, If it be
          male; let it nevertheless not escape sheer
          destruction" (Brighid's Acorn Crop).  When
          this had been done, and the Caledonians had
          joined the revolt of the Maeatae, he began
          preparing to make war upon them in person.
          (Murray, January 2006, Septimius Severus:
          The Caledonian Campaign - Caracalla, section
          Dio Cassius explains that:)

     Because the Gaidhealach language spoken by Clann
     MacKay was closer to that of the Southern Eireannach
     than that of the Irish of Donegal (the land of the
     Vennicnii = the Fianna Eirinn = Na Fineachan) which is
     closer to that of the rest of Alba and given the
     presence of the Brigantes in Southeastern Eueriio and
     North Cuimridh, Clann MacKay, Clann Gunn, the
     Cruithin-tuath of the Western and North Highlands
     and even Clann Curtin in Ulaidh, as well as Clann
     Brodie may be descended from the Brigantes of North
     Wales.  If there's any justice for the Welsh, the
     British government will return the Highlands.  It is
     entirely appropriate that His Royal Highness, Charles
     Philip Arthur George, Prince of Wales and Earl of
     Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of
     Carrick and Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and
     Great Stewart of Scotland wears a kilt on occasion.
     We should also pause a moment before critisizing Lady
     Thatcher for redrawing the map of North Britain.

     "One of the originating causes for the beginning of
     the tribe or [clann] federation was doubtless the
     shift from the matriarchate to the patriarchate "when
     the races mixed," as the Cakchiquel source puts it.
     The meaning here is that, in spite of the change
     effected, the same groups of families continued within
     another larger unit; this new condition is embodied by
     Hunahpu when he joins his grandmother's [clann], later
     proclaiming the rights of the male, and he himself
     becoming the first tribal god."  (Girard, 1979, p.
     266)

     So, while Clann Brodie, Clann MacKay, Clann Gunn and
     many more Clanns are older than the hills, when
     Fin-gal and the Morni took over, it was:

          Fin-gal:  "Brighid, old girl, the door's over
                    there.  Be a sport, won't you and
                    show yourself out?  Badb, Fea, Nemon,
                    Macha, and Morrigu, why don't you join
                    her."  We have a new member who's six
                    goddesses in one.

          Brighid:  "WE'LL BE BACK - COUNT ON IT."
                    (Brighid's Acorn Crop of 209 - 211
                    C.E.)

          The Morni:  "Have a seat Lugh.  They say you're
                      a jack-of-all-trades.  What do you
                      know about this new invention
                      called agriculture?"

          Lugh:  "I know it all."

The tribal and clann names in Alba and in Ulaidh are a key to Albannach and Eireannach pre-history. The records of


     Clann MacDuff (Mac Dhuibh [Black and\or Dark])

     Clann MacFie and\or MacPhee (Mac Dubh -sithe
     [Quietness, Tranquility, Truce, Rest from war,
     Reconciliation, and\or Peace])

     Clann MacGillivry (Mhic Ghille [Boy, Lad,
     Youth] -bhrath [destruction and\or judgement]
     or -bhride:  Son of Youth of Bride and\or Son
     of [the] Boy Troop

     Clann MacInnies (Mac Aon [One] -ghais [strong]:
     a Celtic god)

     Clann MacKintosh (Mac an Toisich and\or Toiseach
     [Chief of tribe or clann]:  Son of the Chief)

     Clann Ross (Ros, Rois, and\or Aindreas), descended
     from the Irish king, Niall (Neul [Star and\or
     Cloud] of the Nine Hostages)


indicate that Pictland was a confederation of the Brythonic and\or Common Celtic (Proto-Celtic) Coille Daoine\Gaidhealach Cruithin-tuath confederation in the North, Central, and Western Highlands with the descendants of the Irish Fianna-Eirinn = the Venicones (Finn) and Taezali (Goidil) - Na Fineachan Gaidhealach - in the Lowlands. Both Britons and Gaidheil would have felt at home in Sgain, the Capitol of Southern Pictland and united Pictland, the area of Perth-hire (a pre-Lady Thatcher administrative unit). In fact, the last king of the Strathclyde (Srath Chluaidh) Britons (Breathnaich and\or Cuimreach) of North Cuimridh, was named Eochaid - an Irish name.

This multi-culturalism of Pictland would explain the Irish (Q-Celtic and\or V-Celtic) development of a middle kingdom (Maeatae) in Alba, later including the Pictish province known by the Irish name of Ath-Fodhla (Next Ireland) and the Cuimreach (P-Celtic and\or F-Celtic) area just to the South having the P-Celtic and\or F-Celtic name: Perth (from an earlier Common Celtic and\or Proto-Celtic name: Quruithin.

The poems of Osan (10) (Os [Deer] -an [endearing] and Ullin (Iuilean [Learning, Direction, Course, Guidance, Guide, Acquantance, Art, Judgement, Knowledge, and\or Way) about the Fionn-taidh (10) are a record of the of the Picts. The Picts named the Coicidh around Inbhir Nis: Fidach. One of the meanings of Fidach is Deer-forest and is another name for the Caledonian Forest. Osan's name which means "endearing-Deer," may be a euphemism for Coille Daoine.

The name of the king: Fin-gal (Mac [Son] Comhal ["female slave...the standard unit of currency...equivalent to three milk cows (Freeman, 2004, p. 26), Brave, bondmaid, lease, slavery, subjection, three cows, courageous, maidservant, obedience, price of three cows, and\or waiting-maid] (12) Mac Trahal Mac Treun-mor\Gaidheil-cathach-gus) is a contraction of Fineachan Gaidhealach. Fin-gal was called Fionn Mac Cumhail by the Irish. The Highlanders used the name Fin-gal because the word gal (gall and\or gaoill) means foreigner, stranger, and especially a native of the South of Alba. The Highlanders were not Gaidhealach. The story of "The Coming of the Fionn and the War Against the Norsemen" told by Angus (Aon [One] -gus: strong-One) MacDonald (MacDhomhnuil and\or Domhnullach), of Stoneybrodge, South Uist (Uibhist mu dheas) told to J.F. Campbell (Caimbeul) around 1860 C.E. (Curran, 2004, pp. 53-61) confirms this. Because Comhal means female slave, Comhal may actually have been Fin-gal's mother, rather than his father and provide more evidence for Pictish society being matriarchal. In that case, the name of Fin-gal's legendary mother: Morna, may represent his mother's Eireannach tribe: the Morni (Mor [Many and\or Great-number] -ni (neachd [tribe and\or family]: tribe-of-Great-number - the Irish: Finn) Fin-gal's mother may have been an Eireannach slave, nick-named: Morna - the Highland epithet for the ever-prolific Irish (maybe the Celts had it right about reincarnation).

According to Saint Patrick (Patricius) in his "Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus," the Picts were slave traders. This letter and Saint Patrick's "Confession" are the oldest surviving documents in Ireland. (Freeman, 2004, p. xviii) At that time, the Eireannaich did not pronounce the "P" sound and instead, sometimes changed it to a "C" sound, at the beginning of words. Therefore, Coroticus may be the Gaeilge pronunciation of Poroticus. Because the speakers of P-Celtic in Breatunn had a tendency to change the "Q" sound to a "P" sound at the beginning of words, the "Co" in Coroticus is very similar to "Qu" and Coroticus was closely connected to the Highland portion of the Picts who spoke Common Celtic (Proto-Celtic) and\or Brythonic Coroticus may have been Quruithin and shortened to Quruit with the addition of the Latin suffix: -icus. In other words, he was a Cruithin, either from Ulaidh or the North and\or Western Highlands and that was what he was called.

     God, these men [Coroticus (Quruith) and his pirates]
     who have handed over Christians to their Irish and
     Pictish allies are far away from you.  (Freeman, 2004,
     p. 172)

     But you [Coroticus (Quruith) and his pirates] - you
     kill them or sell them as slaves to people who don't
     even know God.

     We as Christians also cry out and weep bitterly for
     our sons and daughters who were not killed but who
     were taken and carried off to distant lands.  They are
     in evil places where horrible sins are practiced
     openly and abundantly.  Freeborn people, Christians,
     sold into slavery!  Worst of all, some have been sold
     to the wicked, godless, abominable Picts!  (Freeman,
     2004, p. 173)


Soon after the Romans built the two walls across Alba to save their British conquests from the Coille Daoine resistance, they lost direct contact with (other than at the receiving end of a spear) and much information about, nations, tribes, clanns, and confederations of Northern Alba. As one consequence, the Romans used a general term to refer to the people of free Breatunn: Picti (pictures) as well as Coille Daoine. The appearance of the warriors described in the TAIN BO CHUAILGNE may provide a clue to the reason for the name: Pict. Cu [Dog] Chullain [Cooley] was a boy named: Cooley's Dog, of whom the TAIN BO CHUAILGNE records the heroic deeds that directly relate to the war in Alba between the Celts and the Romans. Bo Chualainn was a god named: Cooley's Cow.

Another reason for the name Pict, may be, of course, tartan.

     "Their (the early inhabitants of the Pretannic Isles)
     clothes...were made either of thick felt or of woven
     cloth dyed with various brilliant colours.  The
     writer Diodorus tells us that they were crossed with
     little squares and lines, "as though they had been
     sprinkled with flowers."  They were, in fact, like
     "tartans," and we may believe Varro, who tells us
     that they "made a gaudy show."  (Square, 2001, p. 26)

     "Julius Caesar and other early observers were much
     struck by, among other things, the Celts love for
     colour.  To describe their cloth patterns rather
     baffled the soberly clad Romans (stripes, chequers or
     what?) but we may shrewdly guess one type conspicious
     among those textiles.  Except in one or two isolated
     villages of Europe, the Tartan design was preserved
     only in Alba, and the word has now been credibly
     explained as a Pictish description."  (Clan House,
     undated, page 84)

     Beginning in the Middle Ages, Highland regiments
     served with several continental armies and the
     villages may have begun weaving tartan at that time.


In Tacitus, some of the warriors were to reported to have painted themselves black. Most important though, the warriors of the Cruithin in the North Highlands were called: Smeur and Smir (strength, smear, spirit, hero, courage, mettle, annoint, power, vigour, vivacity, best part of anything: marrow and pith, and\or blackberry). Pict may be a direct translation of those words or a description of the appearance of the Cruithin warriors. The Picts themselves, named the Western and North Highlands: Cat and\or Cath (Battle, Fight, Struggle, Strive, Carry-on-war, Contest, and\or Contend), after the Smertae and Pict may be a Latin nickname for Cruithin warriors.

     During the Matriarchal cycle people painted their
     faces, according to the inferences found in the Quiche
     text [the Popol Vuh] but that custom was later given
     up.  Facial painting as a distinguishing mark of the
     warriors comes back into vogue in a later period of
     Maya history.  As said elsewhere, this war paint
     inspired fear, and according to Father Avendano facial
     blackness was compared to wickedness of heart.

     Concepts of barbarism and related notions remain
     unchanging through time.  And it is to be noted that
     under pressure from foreign influence the Mayas are
     obliged to return to the practice of face painting in
     order to distinguish warriors from the ordinary
     people.  (Girard, 1979, p. 215)


The tattoos from the Scythians who influenced the Celts and the short parallel line tattoes from the Stone Age people of Western Europe (Spindler, 1994, pp. 168-170, 172, and 173), undoubtedly also played a part in the name: Pict. Furthermore, the Scythians had tattoos of elaborate and intertwined fabulous animal forms (Spindler, 1994, pp. 46, 170, 173, and 271) similar to those on Pictish objects. But, Pict may not refer to just designs on the bodies of the Pictish people. The short parallel line tattoos are very similar to the Oghum alphabet.

     "Yet what is often overlooked is that "ogam" is not
     an Irish word; it stems from an ancient Greek word
     "ogme" meaning a groove.  From it is derived the
     Greek word "ogmos" meaning a straight line,
     specificallly a straight ploughed furrow; it can
     also mean a row or a file, as in a line of people.
     Certainly the Greek words provide a pretty accurate
     description of this ancient script, but, if it were
     invented in the 4th century [C.E.] by the Irish,
     why would they use a Greek word to describe their
     own invention?  The grooved base line for Ogam
     letters is not called an ogmos, it is called by a
     Gaelic word, "fleasg," meaning a rod or wand, and
     the Gaelic word for a row or straight ploughed
     furrow is "scriob."  Surely either word would have
     served perfectly well instead of the Greek ogmos,
     itself derived from the Sanskrit word "Ag-m-as,"
     which has an equivalent meaning."

     "According to Middle East historian L. A. Waddell,
     Ogamoid inscriptions have been found in Sumerian
     hieroglyphs dating from around 1,500 - 1,000 B.C.E.
     which show remarkable affinity with the Ogham
     alphabet used in inscriptions in Scotland, Ireland
     and Wales."

     (Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008,
     paragraphs 17 and 20, Appendix III Page 3

     "He [Ogma] gave us the Ogham system of writing, the
     secret language of the poets, which came into use as
     we know it around 500 C.E., but is most likely based
     on a much older system."

     "Francoise Le Roux, in a speculative interpretation,
     goes so far as to say he [Ogma] is a god of binding:
     as the Ogham symbols were in many or even most tales
     used in such a way as to stay a warrior or an
     advancing army to a certain task - to bind them to
     doing something.  There are many examples of this in
     the Tain Bo Cuailgne."

     "Ogma was also known as Trenfher, "strong man," or
     champion"...He held a valued place in their fighting
     army and is mentioned nearly as often as the Dagda for
     his warrior prowess."

     (O'brien, 2005, pp. 58-60)

     "Treunmor, the great grandfather of Fingal...He
     collected and joined the warlike Caledonian clans, and
     opposed their united strength to the Roman invaders,
     thus forming a barrier, which defeated all the
     strength and discipline of the legions of Rome."
     (Dwelly, 1995, p. 1,034)

     The Verturones (Fir-treun) were a tribe in the area of
     modern-day Perth-shire (a pre-Lady Thatcher
     administrative unit) just North of the Antonnine Wall,
     which is at the narrowest place across Alba and where
     the Roman conquest of Alba was stayed.  The Pictish
     province of Fortrenn was named for the Verturones.
     The Verturones were the Fianna-Eirinn who were the
     Venicones and Taezali on Ptolemy's map of 140 C.E. and
     soon after, known as the Maeatae.  The use of Oghums
     by these Irish warriors is the reason the Romans
     called the people of Northern Alba, Picts.


The Scotii probably brought the Oghum alphabet with them to Eueriio.

Because Riatach, from the tribal name: Dail (Tribe) Riatach (the Scots of Eueriio who gave Scotland its name) means foreigner in Gaidhlig, the Coille Daoine , clearly were not Scotti. The Dail Riatach (Dal Riada) known earlier as Robogdii and\or Riogh-foda (under King or dwarf King), who lived on the North coast of Ulaidh between the Cruithin and the Vennicnii (Fineachan = Fine, Gathering of the Clanns) and had united with some of the Euerni, probably joined the Vennicnii to have a go at the Romans in Alba. The Euerni are considered to be a branch of the original inhabitants of Eueriio. But the Quruithin are also considered to be a branch of the original inhabitants of Eueriio. The first Afro-Asiatic people called themselves Quruithinn and were not tall (Curran, 2004, p. 55); compared to who? The later Indo-European people probably had a difficult time pronouncing the "Qu "sound and taking the previous settlers seriously. Even today, the Irish are the object of jokes because of their non-Indo-European or unique traditions. So in Eueriio, the Celtic settlers dropped the "Q" sound, in some cases; resulting in the names Euerni, Eire, Eireann and in Gaul: Euro-pe.

Nevertheless, all of Alba, North of Graham's Dyke, except EarraGhaidheal was divided into seven Cruithinneach provinces (Coicidh) during the period of the Picts and the name of the king of one of the four Southern Coicidh that bordered on the central district of Southern Pictland (Fortrenn and\or Fortriu) in Western Perthshire, the land of the Venicones, was named: Fodhla ( Fotla which means "Learned"), as was the name of the Coicidh itself. Fodhla is also another name for Eueriio. Later, the Coicidh of Fodhla was called Ath-Fotla which means Next- and\or Again- Eueriio and today, it's known as Atholl. Southern Pictland was Irish.

Ancient Ulaid:  Kingdom of Ulster, copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Dennis Walsh

The Picts were matrilineal. Because Morna , the mother of Fin-Gal, was from the Eirneannach tribe of Baisc-nigh (Baisc [Round] - nigh [people]: probably people of [the] Middle (Kingdom)), Bascna (Round- na and\or neach [person]: probably person of [the] Middle (Kingdom)) , Baiscin , Baiscinn, Corca [belonging to, like, and\or of] Baiscinn , Corco-Baiscin [belonging to, like, and\or of -Baiscin], Corco Baiscinn, Corco Baiscind, Corcu [belonging to, like, and\or of] Baiscind, Clann MacDonnell, Clann MacDermot, Clann MacDiarmata, Clann MacMahon, and Clann O'Baskin (O' or Ogha [From, Out of and\or Grandchildren of] Basc [Round, Red, Scarlet]: probably Grandchildren of [the] Middle (Kingdom) or maybe Red-haired Grandchildren (some people in Eueriio were famous for their red hair and may have been from Meath and\or Meadhan [Middle]), Clann O'Donnell, Ui Bascinn, and\or Ui Domhnaill - a branch of this clann is Clann MacDhomhnuill in the Western Isles, which is a branch of the Dail Riatach . Walsh, August 2006), Fin-Gal would therefore have been Irish, according to the Pictish law of succession. Whether Comhal was his mother and Comhal and Morna are the same person or Comhal was his father (unlikely, given the meaning of Comhal) and red-haired Morna of the Middle Kingdom in Eueriio (Meath) was his mother, Fin-gal was as Irish as they make them. He could have been a Scotti.

Pictland

According to legend, when the Picts came to the Britain, they were given wives by the inhabitants. This legend surely refers to the arrival of young male warriors, the Fianna-Eirinn (Venicones-TaeZali and\or Na Fineachan Gaidhealach). In a matrilineal society, if their sons became kings (righrean), those righrean (kings) would still have been members of that society, rather than of the new-comers. The Coille Daoine may not yet have been a patriarchy or the institution of matrilineal descent may have been an innovation by the Coille Daoine to cope with a large immigration of young unmarried male foreign warriors who answered the call to arms of Treun-mor\Gaidheil-cathach-gus. It may also have been a response of the the patriarchal Irish Maeatae to the wholesale slaughter of their men during the Severan War of 209 - 211 C.E. Possibly, there was an arranged marriage of Cumhail and Morna in an attempt to end the age old conflict between the Qruithin and the Euerni (the original "family feud" of the fighting Indo-Europeans), at least in Alba, or it may have been an attempt by the Coille Daoine royal house to use the Scotti to balance the growing power in Alba, of the Vennicones-TaeZali; both of whom were little different in the minds of the Coille Daoine (dumber decisions have been recorded in British history), or it may have been love.

Whatever the case may be, the succession of an Irish (Finn, Scot, and\or Goidel) family to the Royal House of Alba had to have been insufferable for some Coille Daoine and some Quruithin as well, resulting in them rejecting the Righ of free Alba and instead, establishing the relatively short-lived rival kingdom of the Northern Picts. Righ Brude Mac Maelgwn (Maelchon and\or Mailcon [White-stone] = the Righ of Gwynedd in North Cuimridh), united the Southern and Northern Picts in 560 C.E. Significantly, the son of a Welsh king was a king of the Picts. (Henderson, January 2008, number 38, BIOGRAPHIES OF THE KINGS PAGE 3, Diar-Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008 ):


     Saint Patrick, in about 450 C.E., wrote:  "No, they
     [Coroticus (Quruithin) and his pirates] hate you -
     they hate us - because we are Irish."  (Freeman, 2004,
     p. 174)

     Lubar, a stream rising in Crom-mheal, a hill in the
     West Highlands.  Near it was fought the first battle
     in which Gaul (Goidel), the brave son of Morni [Mor:
     Great number; ni (neachd):  tribe = tribe of Great
     number; the plural of Morna], commanded the forces of
     Fin-gal [Fin-eachan Gaidheal-ach].  (Dwelly, 1994, p.
     1,033)

     Fingal [Fin-eachan Gaidheal-ach], king of the
     Caledonians, the hero of one of the most splendid epic
     poems in any language.  He was the son of Cumhal
     [Maidservant] and Morna [the singular of Morni] the
     daughter of Thaddu.  He was the father of Ossian, and
     his grandfather was Trathuil, the son of Treunmor [the
     god Ogma].  (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,032)

     Struthmor, one of the warriors who accompanied Cumhal,
     the father [or the mother] of Fin-gal, in his last
     battle against the sons of Morni (Dwelly, 1994, pp.
     1,033 and 1,034) - the tribe of his mother, unless his
     father was his mother.  The switch from Matriarchy to
     Patriarchy, especially at the point of a sword, must
     have been as painful as child-birth and for Alba, the
     pain of child-birth never ends.

     Strumon, a place in the neighborhood of [Sellama
     and\or Selma, the name of a Fingalian palace, of which
     the ruins are still seen in Argyllshire
     (EarraGhaidheal; a pre-Lady Thatcher administrative
     unit].  There is another Selma in (Ulaidh)].  It was
     the residence of Gaul (Goidel), son of Morni.

     (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,033)

     Dubh-chomar, one of Cu-Chullin's chiefs.  He was
     Cathbaid's [Cath-bait and\or Caith-baid (baid:  sage,
     philosopher, and\or prophet = sage of Battle (a
     Ceann-cath)] rival for the affections of Morna, and
     slew him in single combat.  He brought news of
     Cathbaid's fate to the lady, and renewed his
     addresses, in the hope that his bravery might win her
     heart.  She begged to get his sword still covered with
     Cathbaid's blood and plunged it into [Dubh-chomar]'s
     breast.  In the agonies of death he prayed her to
     extract the weapon.  She no sooner did so, than, with
     a dying effort, he buried it in her bosom.  (Dwelly,
     1994, p. 1,032)  A different Morna, but undeniably a
     Morni (Scot) to the bitter end.

     Dubh-mhic-Roinne, son of Stairnmor.  He was a brave
     warrior, but the poems that give details of his
     exploits are extinct.  He was one of the heroes who
     attended Cumhal, the father [or mother] of Fin-gal, in
     his last battle against the Morni [the tribe of the
     mother of Fin-gal unless the father of Fin-gal was his
     mother].  He lived in the North-east of Caithness
     [Cath-nis].

     (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,032)

     Cromghlas, one of the warriors who attended Cumhal,
     the father of Fin-gal, in his last battle with the
     sons of Morni.

     Comhal or Cumhal, the father [or mother] of Fin-gal.
     The accounts of his [or her] achievements which have
     come down to us are but scanty.  His [or her] life was
     unfortunate, and his [or her] death untimely.  He or
     [she] fell in early youth, in an engagement with the
     tribe of Morni [Morna's tribe or his tribe if he was a
     she].

     Cormar, one of the warriors who attended Cumhal, the
     father [or mother] of Fin-gal, in his last battle with
     the sons of Morni.

     (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,031)

     Momad, a name given to Gaul [Goidel], son of Morni.
     (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,033)

     Morna, the wife [or tribe] of Comhal [Cumhal], and the
     mother [or tribe] of Fin-gal.  Another female, of the
     same name, was the mistress of Cathbaid, who was slain
     by Dubhchomar.

     Morna, a district in the South of Connaught, once
     famous for being the residence of an archdruid.  Here
     was a cavern, supposed to have been haunted by spirits
     of the Fir-blog chiefs.

     Morni, the father [or tribe] of Gaul [Goidel].  On his
     death-bed [he or they] directed his [or their] son [or
     sons] to lay his [or their] sword [or swords] (the
     sword of Strumon) by his [or their] side [or sides],
     with injunctions not to take it [or them] away but on
     occasions of imminent danger.

     (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,033)

     Goll, Gaul [Goidel], the son of Morni.  He headed his
     clan for some time, and disputed the superiority with
     Fin-gal.  He was at length worsted and brought to
     submission.  After this he became the most faithful
     friend and ally of Fin-gal [Fineachan Gaidhealach].
     He was ardently fond of a warrior's reputation, and
     sometimes, in the absense of the Caledonian chief, he
     was entrusted with the command of the Fingalian
     forces, but his valour was too impetuous for
     conducting an army.  He owed his death to the
     following circumstance.  A party of Fingalians,
     having gone to plunder the hostile isle of Ifreoine,
     were followed, some short time after, by Gaul, without
     any attendants.  He landed on the island after his
     friends had pillaged and left it.  He was surrounded
     by the exasperated inhabitants, against whom, with his
     back to a tree, he maintained a desperate conflict,
     until, amazed at his valour, and afraid of his
     strength, they rolled a mass of rock down upon him
     which broke his thigh.  He thus became incapable of
     further resistance, and fell a sacrifice to his
     enemies.  (Dwelly, 1994, p. 1,032)

     Og [O', Ua, and\or Ogha] gholl, or Oguill, the son
     of Gaul (Goidel), one of Fin-gal's allies.  (Dwelly,
     1994, p. 1,033)

Albannach oral history strongly hints at a power struggle between the Royal House of the Scots (Dail Riatach: the sons of Morni who were of the Royal House of Meath in Eueriio) and the Royal House of the Southern Picts, who were Irish, beginning in the 3rd century C.E. Morna's family gaining the throne of Alba in the 3rd century C.E. allowed her kindred Scots (Dail Riatach) to eventually take over all of Alba. Ironically, one branch of Morna's descendants, the Southern Picts, ended up fighting for several hundred years, the descendants of the other branch of her kindred in Argyllshire - Dail Riatach. Eerily, just as the words Basc and Baisc in the name of Morna's tribe mean round, the word cruinn, which is pronounced the same as the tribal-name Cruithin, means circular, globular, round, and well-rounded. The Cruithin and the Dail Riatach were cut from the same piece of cloth.

"The Maeatae live next to the cross-wall [Antonine's Wall] which cuts the island in half, and the Caledonians are beyond them [in the Central Highlands]. Both tribes inhabit wild and waterless mountains and desolate and swampy plains, and possess neither walls, cities, nor tilled fields, but live on their flocks, wild game, and certain fruits; for they do not touch the fish which are there found in immense and inexhaustible quantities." (Murray, January 2006, Septimius Severus: The Caledonian Campaign - Caracalla, section Dio Cassius explains that:). Only if the area of present-day EarraGhaidheal (Argyll-shire) was part of the land of the Maeatae and if Clann Brodie, the Royal House of the Coille Daoine, was also the Royal House of the Cruithin-Tuath of the Western and North Highlands, would everything in the Roman records make sense.

The controversy with the Coille Daoine, of the succession of the Royal House, may also explain Gall and Goill coming to mean foreigner as well as the name of the king being Fin-Gal in Alba, but Fionn MacCumhail in Eueriio. All of men's "invasions" of Alba - Roman, Na Fineachan Gaidhealach (Vennicnii), Cruithin-tuath, Dail-Riatach, Sasunnach, Viking (Fin-gall - "Fairhaired-foreigners" - the Norse and Duthgall - "Darkhaired-foreigners" - the Danes), Norman, and English - have had little affect on the Coille-Daoine keepers-of-tradition, up around Inbhir Nis (Ross-shire and Inbhir Nis-shire). The tragedy of the Highland clearances was much worse. Yet even that didn't affect The Gaidhlig (Dwelly, 1994, pp. 1 - 1,034).

The Romans came to rape, plunder, pillage, and stay. Yet, the Fionn-taidh and Smior-te were possessed of such "no-fear" (-cus and\or -gus) during the 3rd century C.E. that they buried their treasure trove of stolen Roman silver coins in an earthenware pot, close to the Roman wall near Falkirk, using a piece of their woolen tartan clothing as a stopper (Urquhart, 1994, page 8).

The name Na Fineachan Gaidheal has been used with pride since the beginning of history in the British Isles. Because every Toiseach (Chief of a tribe: Righ [King]), Ceann (Chief), Ceann-tighe (Chieftain), and Ceann-cath (War-chief) of the Maeatae died fighting the Roman invaders during this war and only then did the Coille-Daoine join the revolt, the Coille-Daoine may have waited until the Romans almost finished off the Maeatae and then stepped in in order to preserve the Maeatae buffer-state between them and Roman occupied Breatuinn. Also, to reseed the decimated Royal House of the Maeatae that the Romans had just finished harvesting, and that had earlier turned Irish by the the ascension to the throne of Fin-gal, son of Cumhal, an Irish man or woman, if Cumhal was Morna, his mother and Morna was Morni, his tribe (Dail Riatach and\or Scots).

The Coille Daoine probably sent several reinforced commandos down behind enemy lines on an extended raid in order to falsely implicate the Maeatae (the so-called "false tartan operation;" they could always deal with the Romans later), who had grown a wee bit too big for their striped britches - by leaving scattered about, pots of stolen Roman silver coins plugged with pieces of tartan, severed heads of legionaires, and piles of burnt remains of Roman villagers among fragments of charred wicker baskets in the shape of men. British history has ample examples of such brilliant treachery.

When 80,000 Roman legionaires led by the Emperor himself showed up at the foot of the Maeatae's dun at Scone, that fateful morning long ago, waving the severed heads of their fallen comrades and scraps of tartan, the Maeatae would have done anything to buy time, including going about "naked and unshod," to even speaking French. According to what little information we have of their speeches that day, the Romans probably didn't accept the Maeatae's "educated quess" that "it must have been those darn Hiberni again." They probably knew that the Maeaetae and earlier, the Venicones-Taezali were the Hiberni (they had the maps). Romans being Romans, had to attack someone. The Maeatae were closer than the Coille Daoine, so, good-bye Middle kingdom. Clann Brodie takes second place to no one when it comes to survival.

Wee Bit of Gaidhlig
-------------------

When transcribing earlier forms of the same words that differed in using an "i," an "h," or a dot above the "d" to produce the same affect with the "d," yet the pronunciations and spellings of which had become standardized differently in different parts of Alba and Eueriio (but retained the same meanings in both Modern Gaeilge and Modern Gaidhlig, which are separate languages), the mistake of leaving in an "i" before the "d" or a dot above the "d" when spelling a word according to the Modern convention, while later attempting to remove the dot above the "d" where it was used instead of or in addition to an "i" before the "d," and thereafter using only an "h" after the "d," is quite understandable and explains the different spellings of the same words in Modern Gaidhlig and Modern Gaeilge. The words Gal, Gaoil, Gaul, Gael, Gaidheal, and Goidel are a result of this process and synizesis.

Also, according to James MacLaren, (1998, p. 2) in Gaidhlig [and in Gaeilge], some consonants are aspirated by having an "h" placed after them (or an "i" just before them and\or a dot above them) in order "to silence or euphonise the consonants wherever their initial sound would injure the easy flow or graceful cadence of a word, a verse or sentence."

Because the unnecessary transcribing of perfectly legible earlier and regionally different words resulted in a variety of different spellings of many words that have the exact same meanings and similar pronunciations; the word Gaidhealach is the same in Gaeilge and Gaidhlig; and it retains both the "i" before the "d" and the "h" after the "d," we used it in the name of our association. Everyone is of course, free to place a dot above the "d" with or without using the "i" before the "d" and\or the "h" after the "d" or to pull out all the stops and use the Eireannach script. An Fineachan Gaidhealach is a multi-lingual (within limits) association and the most fascinating part of the word multi-lingual is "multi-." Na Fineachan Gaidhealach doesn't recognise an "Official" list of "Approved" Gaidhealach words'; not withstanding Dwelly's god-like achievement.

The "C," "Ch," "G," and "Gh" sounds are very similar in many words and in many cases, interchangeable. The word Celt is a contraction of the words Galtachd, Gaoilteachd, Gaultachd, Gaelteachd, Gaidhealtachd, and\or Goidelteachd. Today, The Highlands in Alba are called A' Ghaidhealtachd and the Highland Region there is called Roinn na Gaidhealtachd. The Gaidhealach area in Eueriio is called Na Gealtacht. The suffixes "tachd," "tacht," and teachd" mean dwelling place and are related to "tighe." The "D" and "T" sounds are very similar in many words and in many cases, interchangeable. The word Celt in Gaidhlig is Coilteach, Cellach, and\or Cellaich. Its variations are Coillteach = forest, sylvan, wood, woodland, wooded, and\or woody; Coilltich = afforest; Cel = the mouth and\or death; Ceil = shelter, screen, hide, deny, and\or conceal; Ceill and\or Ciall = sense, darling, death, discretion, meaning, reason, opinion, understanding, inspiration, prudence, and\or wisdom; Ceilteach = Celtic, fond of gossiping or visiting, silent, concealing, gossiping female, reserved, and\or penurious; Ceilteich = gossiping female; and\or Ceilt = secrecy, concealment, and\or anything hidden and\or concealed. Although the Coille Daoine weren't Gaidhealach, they were Celtic.

Generally, the same word that is and\or can be aspirated, can also be spelled and pronounced correctly in different ways. For example, Eochaidh can also be spelled: Eochaid, Eochai, Eocaidh, Eocaid, and\or Eocai, as well as several other ways that are in the historical record.

Thankfully, Caesar, Tacitus, Claudius Ptolemaeus, and others, Greek and Roman, recorded the tribes and bands that comprised the Gaidheil ( Celts and Na Fineachan Gaidhealach) before our educators had a go at them.


Conclusions
-----------

"There are two principal races of the Britons, the Caledonians and the Maeatae, and the names of the others have been merged in these two. The Maeatae live next to the cross-wall [Antonine's Wall] which cuts the island in half, and the Caledonians are beyond them [in the Highlands]. Both tribes inhabit wild and waterless mountains and desolate and swampy plains, and possess neither walls, cities, nor tilled fields, but live on their flocks, wild game, and certain fruits; for they do not touch the fish which are there found in immense and inexhaustible quantities. They dwell in tents, naked and unshod, possess their women in common [matrilineal descent], and in common rear all the offspring [fosterage and the Boy Troop]. Their form of rule is democratic [gathering of the clanns] for the most part, and they are very fond of plundering [goid, goidel, Gaidheal]; consequently they choose their boldest men as rulers ["Treun," "Calgach," "-cus," "-mor," "-ghais," -gus," and "Aon"]. They go into battle in chariots [the TAIN BO CHUAILGNE was not plagerized from Greek literature by monks], and have small, swift horses; there are also foot-soldiers, very swift in running and very firm in standing their ground. For arms they have a shield and a short spear, with a bronze apple attached to the end of the spear-shaft, so that when it is shaken it may clash and terrify the enemy; and they also have daggers. They can endure hunger and cold and any kind of hardship; for they plunge into the swamps and exist there for many days with only their heads above water, and in the forests they support themselves upon bark and roots, and for all emergencies they prepare a certain kind of food, the eating of a small portion of which, the size of a bean [the fungus, Spindler, 1994, pp. 113-116, 168 and 169], prevents them from feeling either hunger or thirst....(Murray, January 2006, Septimius Severus: The Caledonian Campaign - Caracalla, section Dio Cassius explains that:)

The lesson of history in Alba is that nothing is ever completed. The Romans didn't finish off the Irish during the Severan War of 209-211 C.E., Countess Sutherland didn't end Gaelic civilization during the Highland Clearances, and Lady Thatcher didn't legislate away Scotland in the 20th century.

What Could Naked Mean?
----------------------


     I [Saint Patrick] was, maybe, 15 years old and didn't
     believe in the living God (I hadn't since my
     childhood).  I remained in death and unbelief [in the
     village of Bannaventa Berniae, possible Bernicia, on
     the West coast of Pretan] until God punished me
     severely and truly made me humble by hunger and
     nakedness day after day [for about six years probably
     in or at the "woods of Foclut...in County Mayo near
     the border with County Sligo, close to the modern
     village of Killala...near the Atlantic ocean"...by the
     West coast of Eueriio].  (Freeman, 2004, pp. 25 and
     184)

     As to their [Indians of the Carribean Island of Haiti
     comprising the present countries of the Dominican
     Republic and the Republic of Haiti] dress, they are
     generally naked, with only their pudenda covered
     somewhat.  And when they cover their shoulders it is
     with a square cloth no more than two varas [about 4.8
     feet square] in size.  (Briffault, 1993, p. 28)

     What a grievous thing it was, to see those Indians [of
     the Mexican city of Cholula] as they prepared to carry
     the loads of the Spaniards:  it was a grievous sight
     for they came naked, stark naked except for their
     private parts, which were covered.  (Briffault, 1993,
     p. 60)

     When the Indians [of the kingdom of Guatemala, the
     Maya] saw that humility and the offering of gifts were
     of no avail to soften the hearts of the Spaniards, and
     that patience and endurance were useless, and that
     without any appearance or color of reason they would
     be attacked and slain, they agreed to assemble and
     stand together and die in a war, revenging themselves
     as best they could against the cruel and infernal
     enemies; since they well knew that being not only
     unarmed but naked they would be opposing ferocious men
     on horseback so well armored that to prevail against
     them would be impossible, they conceived the idea of
     digging holes in the middle of the roads, into which
     the horsemen would fall and have their bellies pierced
     by the sharp sticks with which the holes would be
     filled, covered over with turf and weeds.  (Briffault,
     1993, pp. 69 and 70.  Las Casas's sentences are
     sometimes terribly long and since he uses practically
     no conjunctions except "and," one loses the thread
     before reaching the end, where sometimes the verb is
     to be found....Las Casas's biggest "sin" aside from
     some exaggeration is his repetitiveness.  Sometimes in
     the course of a long sentence he repeats what he had
     said at the beginning; and also repeats on a later
     page what he had said earlier.  Briffault, 1993, p.
     133)

     Afterward, when they disembark on the island of
     Hispaniola [Haiti], it is heartbreaking to see those
     naked Indians, heartbreaking for anyone with a vestige
     of piety, the famished state they are in, fainting and
     falling down, weak from hunger, men, women, old
     people, and children.  (Briffault, 1993, p. 99)

     His name was Atubaliba [Atabaliba and\or Atahualpa,
     the 13th king of the Incas], and he and his followers
     were all naked and carried only mock weapons, knowing
     nothing of swords and pikes, how they could wound,
     knowing nothing of about horses, how they could run,
     or of what kind of men were these Spaniards who would
     attack and set upon them demons, if need be, to rob
     them of gold.  (Briffault, 1993, p. 114)

     And since the Spaniards are so pitiless, so alien to
     those innocents [of the plateau of Bogota, Colombia]
     who had done no wrong, reinforcements were sent and a
     company of men went up to that rocky cliff to subject
     those Indians who were naked and practically without
     weapons.  (Briffault, 1993, p. 124)

     Further, the European imagination is at work in [Fray
     Francisco, a Dominican who served as parish priest in
     Sacapulas and\or Tuhalha, Chuila ((Place-of-nettles
     and\or In-the-Nettles), Santo Tomas Chuila, Santo
     Tomas Chichicastenango, Chuvila, Chichicastenango,
     and\or Quiche (Queche and\or Quechelah:  Qui and\or
     Quiy (Many) -che (tree):  Forest,
     Land-abundant-in-trees, Land-of-many-trees, and\or
     Covered-with-forests) Tinamit (City)), Rabinal,
     Quauhtlemallan (Guatemala (Forest, Land-abundant-in
     trees, Land-of-many-trees, and\or covered-with-Forest)
     Tinamit), and Xenacoj, in Gautemala - between 1701 and
     1709] Ximenez' notion that the natives, who in fact
     possessed one of the oldest cotton-growing and
     textile-weaving traditions in the world, were naked
     until the coming of the Europeans, whom he styles "men
     of cloth." ..."very terrible and cruel men" who will
     be "clothed, not naked like ourselves."  Ximenez
     comments, "There is no doubt that this was a prophecy
     of the coming of the Spaniards, and that God allowed
     it to be announced to them through the mouth of this
     sorcerer.  (Tedlock, 2003, p. 203)

     When at last they [the Quiche] captured him [probably
     the son of the king of the Cakchiquel (Those of the
     Red Tree or Those of Fire)] and were on the point of
     sacrificing him, he announced the arrival of the
     Spaniards in these words:  "Know that a time must come
     when you will despair because of the diasters which
     will fall upon you; and this mama caixon ["old bitter
     one," a nickname directed at the Quiche king:
     Vahxaqui-Caam (Eight Vines)] must also die,; and know
     that some men dressed, and not naked like us, armed
     from head to foot...(Morley and Goetz, 1972, p. 230n9)

     The General [Francisco Vazques de Coronado] sent to
     summon [in 1541] the lord of those parts [Harale,
     Harahey, Arahei, Arache, and\or Arae, the land of the
     Pawnee of Nebraska] and the other Indians who they
     said resided in Harahey, and he came with about 200
     men - all naked - with bows, and some sort of things
     on their heads, and their privy parts slightly
     covered.  Winship, 1990, p.125)

     Yet by the mid-16th century French soldiers serving in
     [Alba] were remarking upon the Highlanders who were
     naked but for their stained or saffron-dyed shirts and
     their other covering made of wool in various colours.
     (Blackie, 1997, p. 11)


The word "naked" and even the phrase "stark naked" still include the wearing of loincloths, skirts, and other garments. I wouldn't be surprised to read that European missionaries consider Eskimos to be "stark naked" except for their double fur parkas, boots, leggings, mittens, and goggles. However, "In an ancient (Eireannach) tale we have a description of his (Dagda and\or Daghda) dress. He wore a brown, low necked tunic which only reached down to his hips, and, over this, a hooded cape which barely covered his shoulders. On his feet and legs were horse-hide boots, the hairy side outwards." (Squire, 2001, p. 54). Capes go all the way back to the grass capes of the European Stone Age and the Highlanders wore these types of boots. This clothing was that which St. Patrick called nakedness. The Coille Daoine and Maeatae kept many old traditions (Spindler, 1994, pp. 5, 39, 40, 45, 46, 167, 169-173, 172, 237, 239, 240, and 271) and the European Stone Age loincloth may still have been worn by the "savages" (Fidach) in Caledonia as late as the Jacobite Rebellions. It's been considered nakedness by civilized Europeans in many places and times.

It's also a fact that all women in Roman society were property of men and covered their breasts as well as their pudenda. Free British women running around topless, even if they wore skirts, would have been condemned by Mediterranian types, as being naked, even though they weren't.

The Clothing of Women in Combat?
--------------------------------


     Recent archaeological research, into the pattern of
     forts and camps established during Severus' Caledonian
     campaign, has led Dr. Colin Martin to what is, perhaps,
     a startling conclusion.  Writing in 'British
     Archaeology' (Issue 6, July 1995), he says: "...
     Severus had no intention of bringing the Caledonians to
     battle, but instead attempted to wipe them out by
     systematic devastation of the landscape.  His policy,
     moreover, seems to have been successful, as peace
     beyond the northern frontier lasted for most of the
     following century...Severus' policy, in other words,
     seems to have been nothing short of an attempt at
     genocide of the Caledonian population."  (Murray,
     January 2006, Septimius Severus:  The Caledonian
     Campaign - Caracalla, section Dio Cassius explains
     that:)

Women and the Boy Troop were banned from combat in about 700 C.E. (Henderson, January 2008, number 50, BIOGRAPHIES OF THE KINGS PAGE 5, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008 ) Without a doubt, heathen Maeatae women fought alongside their brothers, fathers, sons, nephews, husbands, and cousins in the most desparate fight for survival during the Severan War of 208-211 C.E. This is undeniable considering the Eireannach tradition of the Banba (Women of Slaughter) and the presence of the Eireannaich in that area of Alba at that time. The fact that the Coille Daoine removed their wives to a place of safety in 83 C.E., just before the battle of Mons Graupius, doesn't contradict the implication that by banning women from combat, in about 700 C.E., women must have been fighting from an early time. The "Wild Irish" have to be factored in. Also, the Smertae who may have been women-warriors and probably Irish, are evidence that women fought. The Matriarchal nature of Pictish society may have resulted from the virtual annihilation of the Maeatae men during the war, rather than an attempt by the Coille Daoine to insure an Albannach royalty for Na Fineachan Gaidhealach when thousands of Ultach answered Treun-mor's call to arms at the time of Mons Graupius.

In another genocidal war "The women of Tlatelolco [a suburb of Mexico City] joined in the fighting. They struck at the enemy [the Spaniards] and shot arrows at them; they tucked up their skirts and dressed in the regalia of war" (Leon-Portilla, 1966, p. 137). Pre-Christian men and women opposing empire, wore a bare minimum of clothes which were pretty much the same under ordinary circumstances. In times of war, both genders apparently donned the clothes of the warrior class, whether Women-warriors (Ban-ba and\or Smior-te) or Men-warriors (Fionn-taidh). The remains of a Scythian girl found wearing a loin-cloth are probably those of a young female warrior in training rather than a tom-boy, who was humoured by her mother.

Treibhdhireach,

Sue Ann Deathrage and Peggy Killhappy
Ban-ba

Na Fineachan Gaidhealach
Na Fardach Cinnidhean
                           Post Office Box 333
1325 South Animas Street   401 South Shakespeare Street
Lordsburg, New Mexico      Lordsburg, New Mexico
88045-2605                 88045-0333
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Telephone number:  505-542-3581
Electronic mail:  Deagh_Cheann_tighe@Yahoo.com

PS:  The deliberate destruction of Celtic records from the
     introduction of Christianity to the British Isles in the
     5th century C.E., intensifying during the Viking raids,
     and continuing through the clann wars in Alba and the
     religious conflict in Eire is being overcome by the
     brilliant work of scholars and academics and some day soon
     we won't need to draw inferences from the records of other
     cultures in order to know our real heritage.

Footnotes


 (1)  Dwelly, 1994, p. 435.  "The clans of Gaeldom."

 (2)  Dwelly, 1994, pages 373.

 (3)  Dwelly, 1994, pages 686, 1,013, and 1,024.
      "Naughton" and  "Neachd."

 (4)  Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach 2008, paragraph 4.

 (5)  Johnson and Bacon, 1981, plate 69.

 (6)  Bain, 1984, p. 216.

 (7)  Dwelly, 1994, pages 1,024.

 (8)  Bain, 1984, p. 217.

 (9)  Blackie, 1997, p. 89.

(10)  Johnson and Bacon, 1981, page 18 and plate 69.

(11)  Johnson and Bacon, 1981, page 43.

(12)  Dwelly, 1994, pages 1,022.

(13)  Johnson and Bacon, 1981, pages 18 and 43, and plate 69.

(14)  Johnson and Bacon, 1981, page 18.

(15)  Henderson, Diar Daoin 10 Faoillteach,
      2008, Cruithne, numbers 39, 42-44, and 46
      and The List of the Kings of the Picts.

(16)  Squire, 2001, pages 125 and 126.

(17)  Dwelly, 1994, page 1,032.

(18)  Dwelly, 1994, page 535.

(19)  Squire, 2001, pages 37 and 38.

(20)  Squire, 2001, pages 125, 126, and 128.

(21)  Squire, 2001, pages 270.

(22)  Squire, 2001, pages 126.

(23)  Dwelly, 1994, page 1,017

(24)  Squire, 2001, page 150.

(25)  Dwelly, 1994, page 1,033.

(26)  Squire, 2001, pages 258, 270, and 271.

(27)  Dwelly, 1994, pages 427, 432, 433, 435, 438, and 1,032.

(28)  Dwelly, 1994, pages 237, 299, 300, and 1,031.


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