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Hitler's Secret
Flying Saucers
Politics
1943: Germans crush Jewish uprising.
All resistance in the Jewish ghetto in
Warsaw has ended after 28 days of fighting.
In his operational report, the local SS commander, Brigadier Juergen
Stroop, said the uprising began on 19 April when SS, police and
Wehrmacht units using tanks and other armoured vehicles entered the
ghetto to take Jews to the railway station for transportation to
concentration camps.
They were repelled by Jews using homemade explosives, rifles, small arms
and "in one case a light machine-gun". He said his troops were
involved in pitched battles day and night with groups of about 20 or 30
Jews - both men and women.
"On April 23 Himmler issued his order to complete the combing out of the
Warsaw ghetto with the greatest severity and relentless tenacity. I
therefore decided to destroy the entire Jewish residential area by
setting every block on fire."
The last battle ended with the destruction of the Great Synagogue today.
Jewish leaders had sent their own reports of the situation during the
fighting.
On 28 April the Central Committee of Jewish Labour and the Jewish
National Committee in Poland sent a desperate message to the National
Council of Poland in London.
It said the SS and German Army have laid siege to the ghetto, attacking
the 40,000 remaining Jews with artillery, flame-throwers, high explosive
and incendiary bombs.
They have also planted mines in buildings known to harbouring Jewish
fighters, while German guards block large drain pipes that have served
as escape routes.
"The ghetto is burning," read the message, "and smoke covers the whole
city of Warsaw.
"Men, women and children who are not burnt alive are murdered en masse."
It said the Jews managed to kill or wound about 1,000 of the enemy and
burned down factories and warehouses. There was an appeal for an
immediate response from the Allies. "It is imperative that the powerful
retaliation of the United Nations shall fall upon the bloodthirsty enemy
immediately and not in some distant future, in a way which will make it
quite clear what the retaliation is for."
A second message sent on 11 May said the resistance was nearly over.
The Nazis created the Jewish ghetto in Warsaw in 1940 and about 500,000
people were crammed into an area not bigger than one square mile (2·6
square kilometres).
Its inhabitants were systematically transported to Treblinka and those
who fought in the legendary Jewish uprising would rather have died with
dignity than be taken to the death camps.
About 50 of the 1,000 fighters escaped through the sewers and some
fought in the second Warsaw uprising by the Polish Home Army in August
1944.
About 40,000 Jews were massacred in reprisal for the uprising. When
Soviet troops liberated Warsaw on 17 January 1945 only about 200 Jews
remained and the old city had been virtually destroyed.
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BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 1943: Germans crush Jewish uprising
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BBC Eyewitness Account of the [Battle of the Warsaw Ghetto]
Uprising
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References
Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes Remembrance
Authority. "Waffen SS soldier guards Jews that were
captured during uprising," 1943. Retrieved on Friday 14
April 2006, from the World Wide Web: Photographhs from the
Warsaw Ghetto
http://www.yadvashem.org/exhibitions/warsaw_ghetto/
home_stroop_collection.html
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